Determination of glutamate pyruvate transaminase activity in clinical specimens using a biosensor composed of immobilized l-glutamate oxidase in a photo-crosslinkable polymer membrane on a palladium-deposited screen-printed carbon electrode

Chang, Ku-Shang; Hsu, Wen‐Lin; Chen, Hour-Young; Chang, Chia-Seng; Chen, Chien-Yuan

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00093-x

Cited by 58 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Pt is a good candidate because of its efficient interaction with H 2 O 2 , but electrodeposited layers can be mechanically unstable (O'Connell et al, 1998). Pd, which has better electrodeposition characteristics (O'Connell et al, 1998), also displays high activity towards H 2 O 2 electro-oxidation, but much of this literature involves particulate forms of the metal embedded in carbon (Xu et al, 2002;Miscoria et al, 2002;Chang et al, 2003) and conducting polymers (Yamato et al, 1997). Thus, as a step towards fabricating well-based biosensors, basic issues such as usable potential range, suitability for electrosynthesis of permselective polymers, and comparative sensitivity to H 2 O 2 and interference, were studied here on solid Pd electrodes and compared to Pt, Au and glassy carbon (GC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of platinum, gold, palladium and glassy carbon as electrode materials in the design of biosensors for glutamate

O’Neill

Chang

Lowry

et al. 2004

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

127

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Four electrode materials: Pt, Au, Pd and glassy carbon (GC), were studied to investigate their suitability as substrates in the development of two different classes of glutamate biosensor. Glutamate oxidase cross-linked onto poly(o-phenylenediamine) was chosen as the type 1 biosensor (PPD/GluOx), incorporating PPD as the permselective element to detect H 2 O 2 directly on the electrode surface at relatively high applied potentials. GluOx and horseradish peroxidase/redox polymer modified electrodes (Os 2+ PVP/HRP/GluOx) that relied on enzyme-catalysed H 2 O 2 detection at lower applied potentials were used as type 2 biosensors.The voltammetric and amperometric responses to the enzyme signal transduction molecule, H 2 O 2 , and the archetypal interference species in biological applications, ascorbic acid, were determined on the bare and PPD/GluOx-modified surfaces. The amperometric responses of these electrodes were stable over several days of continuous recording in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4). The sensitivity of the type 1 biosensors to H 2 O 2 and glutamate showed parallel trends with low limits of detection and good linearity at low concentrations: Pt > Au ∼ Pd GC. Type 2 biosensors out-performed the type 1 design for all electrode substrates, except Pt. However, the presence of the permselective PPD membrane in the type 1 biosensors, not feasible in the type 2 design, suggests that Pt/PPD/GluOx might have the best all-round characteristics for glutamate detection in biological media containing interference species such as ascorbic acid. Other points affecting a final choice of substrate should include factors such as mass production issues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of platinum, gold, palladium and glassy carbon as electrode materials in the design of biosensors for glutamate

O’Neill

Chang

Lowry

et al. 2004

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

127

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“…A variety of chemistries have been explored for efficient detection of H 2 O 2 generated by GluOx, including direct oxidation on metals 12, [24][25][26][27][28][29] (usually coated with a permselective polymer to block interference), metallicized carbon 30,31 or conducting polymercoated Pt, 32 and catalytic oxidation using horseradish peroxidase coupled to a redox polymer. 6,15,20,33,34 Biosensors in general, and especially those designed for tissue implantation, [35][36][37][38][39] must fulfill the following minimum criteria for reliable monitoring of the target analyte: appropriate size and biocompatibility properties, good sensitivity to the enzyme substrate, effective rejection of electroactive interference, and low sensitivity to changes in pO 2 over the range of substrate and oxygen concentrations relevant to the intended application.…”

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confidence: 99%

Control of the Oxygen Dependence of an Implantable Polymer/Enzyme Composite Biosensor for Glutamate

et al. 2006

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Biosensors for glutamate (Glu) were fabricated from Teflon-coated Pt wire (cylinders and disks), modified with the enzyme glutamate oxidase (GluOx) and electrosynthesized polymer PPD, poly(o-phenylenediamine). The polymer/enzyme layer was deposited in two configurations: enzyme before polymer (GluOx/PPD) and enzyme after polymer (PPD/GluOx). These four biosensor designs were characterized in terms of response time, limit of detection, Michaelis-Menten parameters for Glu (J max and K M (Glu)), sensitivity to Glu in the linear response region, and dependence on oxygen concentration, K M (O 2 ). Analysis showed that the two polymer/enzyme configurations behaved similarly on both cylinders and disks. Although the two geometries showed different behaviors, these differences could be explained in terms of higher enzyme loading density on the disks; in many analyses, the four designs behaved like a single population with a range of GluOx loading. Enzyme loading was the key to controlling the K M (O 2 ) values of these first generation biosensors. The counterintuitive, and beneficial, behavior that biosensors with higher GluOx loading displayed a lower oxygen dependence was explained in terms of the effects of enzyme loading on the affinity of GluOx for its anionic substrate. Some differences between the properties of surface immobilized GluOx and glucose oxidase are highlighted.L-Glutamate (Glu) is the most widespread excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, 1 plays a major role in a broad range of brain functions, and has been implicated in a number of neurological disorders. 2 Indeed, the development of devices for Glu detection has become an important research area due to the value of monitoring this key amino acid in a number of complex matrixes, including food processing, 3,4 cell cultures, 5-7 tissue slices ex vivo, 8,9 and intact brain in vivo. [10][11][12][13][14][15] A number of designs of biosensors for Glu monitoring have been reported and, although Glu receptors 16 Brain Res. Bull. 2002, 58, 401-404. (10) Burmeister, J. J.; Gerhardt, G. A. Trends Anal. Chem. 2003, 22, 498-502. (11)

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“…GluOx was immobilized to the surface of a palladium-electrodeposited screen printed carbon strip by a simple crosslinking immobilisation technique using a photo-crosslinkable polymer (PVA-SbQ) [18]. The biosensor exhibited a stable steady state response for six hours in a stirred solution indicating that the enzyme was fully retained within the polymer membrane.…”

Section: Cross-linkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The design, development and application of electrochemical glutamate biosensors

Hughes

Pemberton

Fielden

et al. 2016

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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Determination of glutamate pyruvate transaminase activity in clinical specimens using a biosensor composed of immobilized l-glutamate oxidase in a photo-crosslinkable polymer membrane on a palladium-deposited screen-printed carbon electrode

Cited by 58 publications

References 34 publications

Comparisons of platinum, gold, palladium and glassy carbon as electrode materials in the design of biosensors for glutamate

Comparisons of platinum, gold, palladium and glassy carbon as electrode materials in the design of biosensors for glutamate

Control of the Oxygen Dependence of an Implantable Polymer/Enzyme Composite Biosensor for Glutamate

The design, development and application of electrochemical glutamate biosensors

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