Determination of Glucan Contents in the Fruiting Bodies and Mycelia of <i>Lentinula edodes</i> Cultivars

Bak, Won-Chull; Park, Ji Heon; Park, Young Ae; Ka, Kang Hyeon

doi:10.5941/myco.2014.42.3.301

Cited by 56 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The repeating basic units of β-glucan polysaccharides derived from edible shiitake ( Lentinus edodes ) mushrooms consist of five linearly linked (1→3)-β-glucose residues and two 1-6-β-glucopyranoside branches [ 30 ]. To determine the β-glucan content of shiitake mushrooms, these authors used a mushroom specific β-glucan kit on different sections of fruiting bodies and mycelia of ten shiitake mushroom cultivars.…”

Section: Isolation and Characterization Of Mushroom Polysaccharidementioning

confidence: 99%

Mushroom Polysaccharides: Chemistry and Antiobesity, Antidiabetes, Anticancer, and Antibiotic Properties in Cells, Rodents, and Humans

Friedman

2016

Foods

265

150

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More than 2000 species of edible and/or medicinal mushrooms have been identified to date, many of which are widely consumed, stimulating much research on their health-promoting properties. These properties are associated with bioactive compounds produced by the mushrooms, including polysaccharides. Although β-glucans (homopolysaccharides) are believed to be the major bioactive polysaccharides of mushrooms, other types of mushroom polysaccharides (heteropolysaccharides) also possess biological properties. Here we survey the chemistry of such health-promoting polysaccharides and their reported antiobesity and antidiabetic properties as well as selected anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, and antiviral effects that demonstrate their multiple health-promoting potential. The associated antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulating activities in fat cells, rodents, and humans are also discussed. The mechanisms of action involve the gut microbiota, meaning the polysaccharides act as prebiotics in the digestive system. Also covered here are the nutritional, functional food, clinical, and epidemiological studies designed to assess the health-promoting properties of polysaccharides, individually and as blended mixtures, against obesity, diabetes, cancer, and infectious diseases, and suggestions for further research. The collated information and suggested research needs might guide further studies needed for a better understanding of the health-promoting properties of mushroom polysaccharides and enhance their use to help prevent and treat human chronic diseases.

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Section: Isolation and Characterization Of Mushroom Polysaccharidementioning

confidence: 99%

Mushroom Polysaccharides: Chemistry and Antiobesity, Antidiabetes, Anticancer, and Antibiotic Properties in Cells, Rodents, and Humans

Friedman

2016

Foods

265

150

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“…On the other hand, NEH-glucose might be released mostly from the complex fungal cell wall polysaccharides comprised of branched β(1,3)/(1,6) glucan linked to chitin. The complex polymer requires pretreatment with concentrated acid to achieve complete hydrolysis to compositional monomers (Dallies et al 1998;Francois 2006;Won et al 2014). Previously, fresh ECM fungal sclerotia were not observed to incorporate roots or root hairs, although they were formed very close to pine roots (Grenville et al 1985).…”

Section: Content and Composition Of Sclerotial Grain Saccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saccharides of ectomycorrhizal fungal sclerotia as sources of forest soil polysaccharides

Sugiura

Watanabe

Nonoyama

et al. 2017

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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The neutral monosaccharide composition of forest soils differs from that of non-forest soils suggesting there is an accumulation of microbial saccharides. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi can be responsible as the fungi are typical in forest soils. We investigated neutral saccharides of ECM fungal sclerotia to determine what part it might play in the origin of forest soil polysaccarides. Sclerotial grain (SG) was collected from the O, A1 and A2 horizons of a soil of subalpine forest of Mt. Ontake, central Japan. Neutral saccharides in soil and SG were analyzed by two step hydrolysis with sulfuric acid and gaschromatography of alditol acetate derivatives. Saccharides accounted for 6.0−16% of the SG by carbon content. The SG contained predominantly easily hydrolysable (EH)-glucose, which accounted for 75-85% of the composition depending on grain size and the soil horizon, followed by mannose (7.7−15%), galactose (2.2−4.8%) and non-easily hydrolysable (NEH)-glucose (1.7−6.1%). The SG contained all of these sugars irrespective of its size. The SG collected from the A1 and A2 horizons contained all sugar components found in that from the O horizon, except for fucose in that from A2 horizon. The monosaccharide composition of SG indicates that accumulation of ECM fungal sclerotial polysaccharides might have been responsible for enlarging the molar ratios of (galactose + mannose) /(arabinose + xylose) and EH-glucose/NEH-glucose of forest soils. The proportions of SG saccharides relative to soil saccharides were 3.6, 1.2, and 0.83% for the O, A1 and A2 horizons, respectively. These levels of the proportion are considerable as ECM fugal sclerotia are the products of a limited species among hundreds and thousands of microbial species inhabiting forest soils. The sclerotia forming ECM fungal species such as Cenococcum geophilum may be key sources of forest soil polysaccharides.

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“…After slight modification by Manzi and Pizzoferrato [ 60 ], it was used for the determination of β-glucans in fungi. In later years, the determination of β-glucan content by enzymatic method in fungi was carried out by Bak et al [ 61 ], Cha et al [ 53 ], and Kang et al [ 54 ]. This enzymatic method with modifications is currently recommended by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Polish Wild Mushrooms as Beta-Glucan Sources

Mirończuk-Chodakowska

Witkowska

2020

IJERPH

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Mushroom beta-glucans show immunomodulatory, anticancer and antioxidant features. Numerous papers have been published in the last years on fungal polysaccharides, especially beta-glucans, demonstrating their various biological activities. However substantial data about beta-glucan contents in many mushroom species, especially wild mushrooms, are still missing. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to evaluate β-glucans in 18 species of wild mushrooms and three species of commercial mushrooms for comparison purposes. The contents of β-glucans were determined by the Megazyme method and with the Congo red method, which differ in analytical procedure. Among wild mushrooms, the highest mean β-glucan content assessed with the Megazyme method was found in Tricholoma portentosum (34.97 g/100 g DM), whereas with the Congo red method in Lactarius deliciosus (17.11 g/100 g DM) and Suillus grevillei (16.97 g/100 g DM). The β-glucans in wild mushrooms assessed with the Megazyme method were comparable to commercial mushrooms, whereas β-glucans assessed with the Congo red method were generally higher in wild mushrooms, especially in Russula vinosa, L. deliciosus and S. grevillei. This study indicates wild mushrooms as interesting material for β-glucan extraction for food industry and medicinal purposes.

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Determination of Glucan Contents in the Fruiting Bodies and Mycelia of Lentinula edodes Cultivars

Cited by 56 publications

References 25 publications

Mushroom Polysaccharides: Chemistry and Antiobesity, Antidiabetes, Anticancer, and Antibiotic Properties in Cells, Rodents, and Humans

Mushroom Polysaccharides: Chemistry and Antiobesity, Antidiabetes, Anticancer, and Antibiotic Properties in Cells, Rodents, and Humans

Saccharides of ectomycorrhizal fungal sclerotia as sources of forest soil polysaccharides

Evaluation of Polish Wild Mushrooms as Beta-Glucan Sources

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