Determination of genital human papillomavirus genotypes in women in Northern Australia using a novel, self-administered tampon technique

Bowden, M. D.; Tabrizi,; Paterson,; Garland,; Fairley,

doi:10.1046/j.1525-1438.1998.09847.x

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The diVerence between the 16-20 year old group and >40 year old group was statistically significant. As was expected, the prevalence was highest in the younger age groups (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). We have shown that pelvic inflamma-tory disease caused by C trachomatis is an important problem in the NT 22 and the high prevalence results of this study are therefore not surprising.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

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Estimating the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and human papillomavirus infection in indigenous women in northern Australia

Bowden

Paterson

Mein

et al. 1999

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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Objective: To estimate more accurately the age specific prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and human papillomavirus infection (HPV) in indigenous women living in urban, rural, and remote areas of the "Top End" of the Northern Territory (NT). Design: Analysis of data obtained from two community based studies using self administered tampon specimens tested by polymerase chain reaction for sexually transmitted disease (STD). Data pertaining to the notifiable STDs (N gonorrhoeae and C trachomatis) were obtained from the NT health department. Patients: 1090 indigenous women (age range 12-73 years) were enrolled when they attended local community health centres, family planning clinics, and STD clinics. The majority attended clinics in their home community in the course of "well women's checks" which encourage women to undergo screening for a variety of general medical conditions. Results: The overall prevalence of T vaginalis, C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, and HPV was 0.25 (95% CI: 0.22-0.28), 0.11 (0.09-0.13), 0.17 (0.15-0.19), and 0.42 (0.37-0.48) respectively. Of the women found to be infected (excluding HPV), 25.5% had two or more of the above organisms detected. There was a statistically significant increase in the age specific prevalence of T vaginalis but a significant decrease with age for C trachomatis and HPV infection. There was no statistically significant change for N gonorrhoeae with age. Conclusions: STDs are hyperendemic in this population of indigenous women and the notification data significantly underestimate their prevalence. Distinct patterns of age specific prevalence were demonstrated, highlighting the need to tailor control strategies to specific epidemiological features. (Sex Transm Inf 1999;75:431-434)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…23 The analysis presented here suggests that detectable HPV DNA (a marker of HPV infection, one of the major risk factors for cervical neoplasia), is acquired early by indigenous women but prevalence slowly decreases with age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Estimating the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and human papillomavirus infection in indigenous women in northern Australia

Bowden

Paterson

Mein

et al. 1999

Sexually Transmitted Infections

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“…1 There is little evidence available about the prevalence of HPV genotypes in Indigenous women. 16 However, the v ery high incidence of vulvar cancer in NT Indigenous women, par ticularly in younger women, also suggests that genital infection with carcinogenic HPV genotypes may be more prevalent in them, although the evidence that HPV is a causative factor is not as strong for vulvar cancer as for cervical cancer. 17 There are indications that the incidence of smoking-related cancers is increasing in the NT Indigenous population.…”

Section: Indigenous Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer incidence and survival for Indigenous Australians in the Northern Territory

Condon

Armstrong

Barnes

et al. 2005

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

104

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Objective: To compare cancer incidence and survival for the Northern Territory (NT) Indigenous population with that of other Australians, and to assess NT Indigenous incidence time trends. Methods: Cancer registry data were used to calculate cancer incidence rate ratios (NT Indigenous to total Australian), the average annual change in NT Indigenous cancer incidence and the relative risk of cancer death after diagnosis of cancer (NT Indigenous to combined Western Australian and Tasmanian cases) for 1991–2001. Results: For NT Indigenous people, incidence rates were high for cancers of the liver, gallbladder, cervix, vulva and thyroid and, in younger people only, for cancers of the oropharynx, oesophagus, pancreas and lung, but low for cancers of the colon and rectum, breast, ovary, prostate, bladder, kidney, melanoma and lymphoma. Incidence rate ratios ranged from 0.1 for melanoma to 7.4 for liver cancer. Incidence increased for breast and pancreatic cancers. Survival was low for almost all specific cancers examined, and for all cancers combined (relative risk of death 1.9, 95% Cl 1.7‐2.1). Conclusions: Compared with other Australians, NT Indigenous people have higher, and increasing, incidence for some cancers (particularly smoking‐related cancers) and lower survival for most. Implications: Cancer has a greater impact on NT Indigenous people than other Australians. Well‐established cancer risk factors should be more effectively tackled in Indigenous people and known effective screening programs more effectively implemented. Research is urgently required into the reasons why survival from cancer in NT Indigenous people is so much lower than in other Australians.

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“…This is further compounded by the current lack of knowledge as to whether non-vaccine types may become more prevalent (both in absolute and relative terms) after vaccination. Only one study has previously sought to determine possible differences between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian women in prevalence of specific HPV types[ 16 ]. Using tampon-collected specimens and an L1-based PCR system capable of typing 10 HPV types, that study found that non-Indigenous women had higher rates of HPV detected (56% versus 42%): however the analysis did not account for differences between the two groups in parameters such as sites of recruitment, cytology results or age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human papillomavirus prevalence among indigenous and non-indigenous Australian women prior to a national HPV vaccination program

Garland

Brotherton

Condon

et al. 2011

BMC Med

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BackgroundIndigenous women in Australia have a disproportionate burden of cervical cancer despite a national cervical screening program. Prior to introduction of a national human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination program, we determined HPV genotype prevalence by Indigenous status and residence in remote areas.MethodsWe recruited women aged 17 to 40 years presenting to community-based primary health services for routine Pap screening across Australia. A liquid-based cytology (LBC) cervical specimen was tested for HPV DNA using the AMPLICOR HPV-DNA test and a PGMY09/11-based HPV consensus PCR; positive specimens were typed by reverse hybridization. We calculated age-adjusted prevalence by weighting to relevant population data, and determined predictors of HPV-DNA positivity by age, Indigenous status and area of residence using logistic regression.ResultsOf 2152 women (655 Indigenous), prevalence of the high-risk HPV genotypes was similar for Indigenous and non-Indigenous women (HPV 16 was 9.4% and 10.5%, respectively; HPV 18 was 4.1% and 3.8%, respectively), and did not differ by age group. In younger age groups, the prevalence of other genotypes also did not differ, but in those aged 31 to 40 years, HPV prevalence was higher for Indigenous women (35% versus 22.5%; P < 0.001), specifically HPV clades α5 (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.3) and α7, excluding type 18 (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.3). In multivariate analysis, detection of any HPV genotype was strongly associated with smoking and Pap-test abnormalities, with both risk factors more common among Indigenous women.ConclusionAlthough we found no difference in the prevalence of HPV16/18 among Australian women by Indigenous status or, for Indigenous women, residence in remote regions, differences were found in the prevalence of risk factors and some other HPV genotypes. This reinforces the importance of cervical screening as a complement to vaccination for all women, and the value of baseline data on HPV genotype prevalence by Indigenous status and residence for the monitoring of vaccine impact.

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Determination of genital human papillomavirus genotypes in women in Northern Australia using a novel, self-administered tampon technique

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Estimating the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and human papillomavirus infection in indigenous women in northern Australia

Estimating the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and human papillomavirus infection in indigenous women in northern Australia

Cancer incidence and survival for Indigenous Australians in the Northern Territory

Human papillomavirus prevalence among indigenous and non-indigenous Australian women prior to a national HPV vaccination program

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