Determination of fluoroacetate and fluoride in blood serum by capillary zone electrophoresis using capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection

Abstract

Fluoroacetate is a highly toxic species naturally found in plants and in commercial products (compound 1080) for population control of several undesirable animal species. However, it is non-selective and toxic to many other animals including humans, and thus its detection is very important for forensic purposes. This paper presents a sensitive and fast method for the determination of fluoroacetate in blood serum using capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Serum blood samples were treated with ethanol to remove proteins. The samples were analyzed in BGE containing 15 mmol/L histidine and 30 mmol/L gluconic acid (pH 3.85). The calibration curve was linear up to 75 μmol/L (R² =0.9995 for N=12). The detection limit in the blood serum was 0.15 mg/kg, which is smaller than the lethal dose for humans and other animals. Fluoride, a metabolite of the fluoroacetate defluorination, could also be detected for levels greater than 20 μmol/L, when polybrene was used for reversion of the EOF. CTAB and didecyldimethylammonium bromide are not useful for this task because of the severe reduction of the fluoride level. However, no interference was observed for fluoroacetate.

Contactless conductivity detection for analytical techniques: Developments from 2010 to 2012

“…In clinical analysis, the research was focused mainly on non‐UV‐absorbing species and the determination of small inorganic ions was shown in various body fluids . Other small ions, such as fluoride and fluoroacetate and a range of organic acids , were also analyzed by CE‐C 4 D. It was also shown that CE‐C 4 D can be applied in the determination of increasing concentrations of plasma lactate during exercise testing . Phenylated organic acids were monitored in urine samples as a potential diagnostic tool for determination of phenylketonuria using MEKC with dual C 4 D/amperometric detection .…”

Recent advances in applications of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE‐C4D): an update

“…The method was in good agreement with currently used LC/MC method (Vernez and Krahenbuhl, 2004). Vidal et al (2011a) have proposed a sensitive and fast procedure based on CE with C 4 D for the determination of fluoroacetate and fluoride in blood serum. The analysis was performed in BGE containing 15 mmol/L histidine and 30 mmol/L gluconic acid (pH 3.85).…”

A Convenient Approach to Simultaneous Analysis of a Pharmaceutical Drug and Its Counter-Ion by CE Using Dual-Opposite End Injection and Contactless Conductivity Detection

“…Many publications report the utility of C 4 D for a wide variety of small inorganic ions [22,23] or organic ions [24,25]. This detection system is very sensitive and allows detection of inorganic and organic ions in various samples.…”