Determination of Flavonoids Compounds of Three Species and Different Harvesting Periods in Crataegi folium Based on LC-MS/MS

Abstract

Crataegi folium have been used as medicinal and food materials worldwide due to its pharmacological activities. Although the leaves of Crataegus songorica (CS), Crataegus altaica (CA) and Crataegus kansuensis (CK) have rich resources in Xinjiang, China, they can not provide insights into edible and medicinal aspects. Few reports are available on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids compounds of their leaves. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient methods to determine qualitative and quantitative flavonoids compounds in leaves of CS, CA and CK. In the study, 28 unique compounds were identified in CS versus CK by qualitative analysis. The validated quantitative method was employed to determine the content of eight flavonoids of the leaves of CS, CA and CK within 6 min. The total content of eight flavonoids was 7.8–15.1 mg/g, 0.1–9.1 mg/g and 4.8–10.7 mg/g in the leaves of CS, CA and CK respectively. Besides, the best harvesting periods of the three species were from 17th to 26th September for CS, from 30th September to 15th October for CA and CK. The validated and time-saving method was successfully implemented for the analysis of the content of eight flavonoids compounds in CS, CA and CK for the first time.

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction for phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Moroccan Retama sphaerocarpa L. leaves: Simultaneous optimization by response surface methodology and characterization by HPLC/ESI-MS analysis

“…This was also reinforced by the obtained fragmentation pattern similar to apigenin-di- O -hexoside and especially with the characteristic fragmentations of O -, C -glycosyl flavones, with the losses of a C -hexosyl moiety 473 [M–H–120] − and an O -hexoside moiety (−162 Da) [ 27 ]. Other product ions were observed at m / z 431 and m / z 311 caused by the loss of a CO group typical of such compounds [ 58 ]. As for compound 7 , the signal at m / z 311 [MH-120] − showed the existence of a C-glucosyl unit based on its [M − H] − ion at m / z 431 pattern characteristic of a mono-C-glycoside [ 59 ].…”

Total Flavonoids Extracts of Apocynum L. from the Ili River Valley Region at Different Harvesting Periods and Bioactivity Analysis

“…In this study, the OPLS-DA model was used to compare the flavonoid metabolite content of A. venetum (AV) and A. hendersonii (AH) samples (R 2 X = 0.945, R 2 Y = 998, Q 2 = 0.984; Figure 3 B,C). The Q 2 values exceeded 0.9 in all control groups indicating the model’s stability and reliability [ 32 ] and can be used to further screen different flavonoid metabolites.…”

“…To clarify the differences in flavonoid metabolites between A. venetum and A. hendersonii in greater depth, differential flavonoid metabolites were screened for each control group by combining the OPLS-DA model of ploidy variation and variable importance (VIP) values. Screening criteria included the fold change (≥2 or ≤0.5) and VIP ≥ 1 [ 31 , 32 ]. The results are shown in Table 2 .…”

The Hypolipidemic Effect of Hawthorn Leaf Flavonoids through Modulating Lipid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota in Hyperlipidemic Rats

“…A variety of hawthorn leaf preparations, such as Yixintong and Shanmei capsule, is clinically used to treat cardiovascular diseases such as hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, and arrhythmia [ 14 , 15 ]. At present, a great many types of chemical constituents have been extracted from hawthorn leaves, including flavonoids, flavane and its polymers, pentacyclic triterpenes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, lignans, organic acids, volatile oil, and so on [ 10 , 16 , 17 ], among which flavonoids are considered being the main active ingredients of hawthorn leaves and important ingredients for the herb to exert its drug activity [ 18 , 19 ]. Our previous study [ 20 ] found that hawthorn leaf flavonoids (HLF) can reduce the levels of blood lipid and improve the liver function in hyperlipidemic mice.…”