Determination of ethylenethiourea in urine by liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation–mass spectrometry for monitoring background levels in the general population

Aerial Application of Mancozeb and Urinary Ethylene Thiourea (ETU) Concentrations among Pregnant Women in Costa Rica: The Infants’ Environmental Health Study (ISA)

“…ETU exposure in this population of pregnant women is worrisome; 72% of pregnant women had EDIs chronic above the RfD established by the U.S. EPA (1996) . Also, pregnant women’s median urinary ETU concentrations were more than five times higher than those reported for other general populations ( Aprea et al 1996 ; Castorina et al 2010 ; Colosio et al 2006 ; Jones et al 2010 ; Saieva et al 2004 ), and comparable with post-shift urinary ETU concentrations of Italian agricultural workers ( Colosio et al 2002 ; Sottani et al 2003 ) (see Supplemental Material, Figure S2). On occasion, women’s EDI acute may reach the aPAD established by the U.S. EPA (2005) .…”

“…Median urinary ETU concentrations in EDBC-exposed workers from vineyards, greenhouses, and potato farms ranged from 2 to 45 μg per gram creatinine (g.cr) ( Colosio et al 2002 ; Fustinoni et al 2005 , 2008 ; Kurttio and Savolainen 1990 ; Sottani et al 2003 ). Median urinary ETU concentrations in general populations from Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States are generally below the limit of detection (LOD) (< 0.5 μg/g.cr) ( Aprea et al 1996 ; Castorina et al 2010 ; Colosio et al 2006 ; Jones et al 2010 ; Saieva et al 2004 ). Detectable urinary ETU concentrations in general populations are thought to be attributable to exposure to EBDCs and ETU from consumption of foods with pesticide residues ( Aprea et al 1997 ).…”

Modelo de desenvolvimento, agrotóxicos e saúde: prioridades para uma agenda de pesquisa e ação

“…A exposição ambiental de crianças a inseticidas foi avaliada através metabólitos urinários de cinco tipos de piretroides (LU et al, 2006) e metabólitos urinários de ETU (Etileno-Tio-Ureia), oriundos da exposição a fungicidas ditiocarbamatos. Foram avaliados em população geral do Reino Unido (JONES et al, 2009) e em trabalhadores da vitivinicultura na Itália (FUSTINONI et al, 2008).…”

Impacto en la salud y el medio ambiente por exposición a plaguicidas e implementación de buenas prácticas agrícolas en el cultivo de tomate, Colombia, 2011.

“…Para las muestras de agua y lodo se identi-ficaron las fuentes hídricas más cercanas a los cultivos y se tomó una muestra de un litro por cada fuente, para un total de 10 muestras (5 de agua y 5 de lodo) en dos momentos de la etapa de producción (antes del cultivo y después de la producción). La determinación de OF y OC, se hizo por cromatografía de gases con detector de microcaptura de electrones (μECD) 30,32 . Estas matrices se procesaron en el Grupo de Plaguicidas de la Universidad del Quindío.…”