In Colombia, coal miner pneumoconiosis is considered a public health problem due to its irreversibility, high cost on diagnosis, and lack of data related to its prevalence in the country. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was carried out in order to determine the prevalence of pneumoconiosis in underground coal mining workers in two regions of Colombia. The results showed a 35.9% prevalence of pneumoconiosis in the study group (42.3% in region 1 and 29.9% in region 2). An association was found between a radiologic diagnosis of pneumoconiosis and a medium risk level of exposure to carbon dust (OR: 2.901, 95% CI: 0.937, 8.982), medium size companies (OR: 2.301, 95% CI: 1.260–4.201), length of mining work greater than 25 years (OR: 3.222, 95% CI: 1.806–5.748), and a history of smoking for more than one year (OR: 1.479, 95% CI: 0.938–2.334). These results establish the need to generate an intervention strategy aimed at preventing the identified factors, as well as a timely identification and effective treatment of pneumoconiosis in coal miners, in which the commitment of the General Health and Social Security System and the workers compensation system is ensured.
Se evaluó el riesgo en la salud humana a partir de los datos de residualidad de plaguicidas en tomates cultivados con sistemas tradicionales y BPA. La evaluación de riesgo fue calculada para cada contaminante y el acumulado a partir de una simulación Monte Carlo de 100.000 iteraciones con el modelo probabilístico USEPA Crystal Ball. El cálculo del riesgo por sustancia de efectos tóxicos no-carcinogénicos (ENC) se estimó considerando la ingesta de tomate como la única ruta de contaminación. Se determinó que las mujeres son receptoras más vulnerables a los riesgos asociados con la ingesta de alimentos que contengan residuos químicos. En general, se aprecia que para ambos sistemas de cultivo los valores máximos de las distribuciones probabilísticas no superan los valores límites para el riesgo no-cancerígeno (límite =1), siendo de 2 y 3 órdenes de magnitud menores al nivel de peligrosidad, pero si existe una diferencia significativa entre los dos sistemas de cultivos (pmenores de 0,05), mostrando la bondad de las BPA.
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