Determination of escin content in androgenic embryos and hairy root culture of<i>Aesculus hippocastanum</i>

Ćalić﻿﻿﻿, Dušica; Zdravković-Korać, Snežana; Šavikin-Fodulović, Katarina; Radojević, Ljiljana; Vinterhalter, Branka

doi:10.3109/13880200903204000

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…One of the unique indicators of environmental pollution is the horse chesnut (Aesculus hippocastanum Linnaeus, 1753), widely spread in various ecological conditions of most European cities, both in the southern and northern zones with moderate climate (Grabenweger & Grill, 2000;Steadman & Pritchard, 2004;Zerova et al, 2007). It is among the natural air filters purifying soil and water from toxic substances that are widely emitted by industrial enterprises in big cities, as well as being a valuable plant thanks to its widespread use in medicine (Apers et al, 2006;Ćalić-Dragosavac, 2010;Štajner et al, 2014). For a long time, the horse chestnut has been valued as a tree species with high-resistance to damage by insects (Gorlenko et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) on the activity of the enzymatic antioxidant system of protection of the assimilating organs of Aesculus hippocastanum in an urbogenic environment

et al. 2019

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In the last two decades, the horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.), introduced into the steppe zone of Ukraine, has been severely affected by the horse chestnut leaf miner Camereraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič, 1986, which results in damage to the assimilating organs, premature leaf defoliation and, as a consequence, a significant reduction in the reserve substances required for normal life of the plant. In recent studies, the main focus has been placed on the study of the pest’s effects on the non-enzymatic antioxidant protection system of the representatives of the genus Aesculus, while the enzymatic system of horse chestnut protection from the active forms of oxygen under stress is still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reaction of catalase and two peroxidases of A. hippocastanum leaves, which differ in the level of damage by C. ohridella. The intensity of damage to A. hippocastanum leaves by the horse chestnut leaf miner in the park zones and botanical gardens of Dnipro city was determined, the activity and isoenzyme composition of benzidine-peroxidase, activity of guaiacol-peroxidase and catalase were measured. The lowest average benzidine-peroxidase activity was found in the group of trees with low level of leaf blight and the highest activity – in the group with high level. The opposite dependence was shown by catalase, the activity of which significantly decreases with increasing level of damage inflicted by the phytophage on the chestnut’s assimilating organs. Based on the determination of the variation coefficients, it has been shown that benzidine-peroxidase activity has a higher level of variability than that of catalase and guaiacol-peroxidase. It is established that under the influence of the leaf miner, activity of guaiacol-peroxidase was significantly higher by 87.1% and 75.6%, respectively, for medium and high levels of damage caused to the leaf by this phytophage as compared to that for low levels of damage. The increased level of leaf damage caused by the phytophage is reflected in the change in the isozyme profile of benzidine-peroxidase. The high activity of benzidine-peroxidase in the leaves of A. hippocastanum is due to the presence of several molecular forms that exhibit maximum activity in the narrow pH range (4.15–4.69). Quantitative redistribution of activity between the different molecular forms of benzidine peroxidase can be considered as the main regularity of changes in the expression of benzidine-peroxidase caused by different levels of leaf damage. The results showed that only one benzidine-peroxidase isoform with an isoelectric point of 4.15 shows a significant increase in activity (on average by 2.1 times) in A. hippocastanum leaves with medium and high levels of damage by C. ohridella. Significant reduction in activity is reported for dominant isoperoxidase with an isoelectric point of 4.25 revealing medium pest damage, and for high damage only a decreasing tendency is shown. The data obtained show that horse chestnut trees can specifically respond to mechanical damage by C. ohridella to leaves due to the changes in the activity of individual molecular forms of peroxidase. Further studies of oxidative metabolism are needed to understand the formation of resistance of representatives of the Aesculus genus to damage caused by this moth species based on a wider range of redox enzymes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) on the activity of the enzymatic antioxidant system of protection of the assimilating organs of Aesculus hippocastanum in an urbogenic environment

et al. 2019

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“…Androgenic embryos grown on hormone-free medium, at both the globular and the cotyledonary stage of development produced aescin, but its amount in the cotyledonary embryos was four times higher than in the globular embryos (C ´alic ´-Dragosavac et al 2010b). Therefore, only green embryos with normal morphology at the cotyledonary stage were important for aescin extraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Impact of abscisic acid in overcoming the problem of albinism in horse chestnut androgenic embryos

Ćalić

Bohanec

Devrnja

et al. 2012

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Horse chestnut (Aesculus hyppocastanum L., Hyppocastanacea) is a relict species with a slow and complex reproductive cycle considered to have horticultural and medical importance. The cycle maybe circumvented via in vitro androgenesis. Androgenesis of horse chestnut was induced in microspores and anther culture on MS media. Some of the horse chestnut androgenic embryos were albinos. Addition of abscisic acid in media (in concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 mg l -1 ) with horse chestnut androgenic embryos has circumvented the reproduction cycle barriers. The best results were achieved on medium with the lowest abscisic acid concentration (0.01 mg l -1 ) in microspore culture. The microspore culture proved to be a better model system for embryo production and albino embryo reduction than anther culture. Flow cytometry analysis after maturation treatments induced by ABA showed that 88 % of green embryos originating from microspore culture were haploid. However, 50 % of green embryos from anther culture were haploid. The remaining analyzed androgenic embryos, from both types of cultures were diploid.

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“…Escin is a chief bioactive compound of horse chestnut seed, which is chemically related to triterpenic glycoside. Seed cotyledons are the main source of escin, but small quantity is also found in leaves, bark and immature fruit pericarp [10]. Escin has different pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, vasoprotective in chronic venous insufficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical, ethanomedicinal and pharmacological applications of escin from Aesculus hippocastanum L. towards future medicine

Idris

Mishra

Khushtar

2020

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology

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Medicinal plants are used from ancient times for treatment of various ailments. Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse chestnut), is the popular and most valuable tree native to the South East Europe. It’s seed extracts and their concentrates contain phytocompounds like flavonoids, polyphenols, triterpenoid saponin glycosides (escin), epicatechin, tannins, kaempferol, esculin, fraxin, carbohydrate, essential fatty acids (linoleic acid), oleic acid and purine bases (adenine and guanine). Due to these vital phyto-constituents, horse chestnut is used in phytomedicine for the prevention and treatment of diverse disorders as in venous congestion in leg ulcers, bruises, arthritis, rheumatism, diarrhoea, phlebitis etc. We collected the pharmacological applications of Aesculus hippocastanum L. extracts and escin as the cheif bioactive compound and their uses in traditionally and clinically for the management of various disorders. This review describes the efficacy of A. hippocastanum L. extracts and their bioactive compounds. So in the furtue this plant may be useful for the alternative treatment measure for various ailments via incorporating either extract or escin into novel delivery systems for improving the social health in future and would provide improved quality of life.

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Determination of escin content in androgenic embryos and hairy root culture ofAesculus hippocastanum

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

The influence of Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) on the activity of the enzymatic antioxidant system of protection of the assimilating organs of Aesculus hippocastanum in an urbogenic environment

The influence of Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) on the activity of the enzymatic antioxidant system of protection of the assimilating organs of Aesculus hippocastanum in an urbogenic environment

Impact of abscisic acid in overcoming the problem of albinism in horse chestnut androgenic embryos

Phytochemical, ethanomedicinal and pharmacological applications of escin from Aesculus hippocastanum L. towards future medicine

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