Determination of environmental gamma radiation in Bitlis

Risk Assessment of Outdoor Background Gamma Radiation at Duhok City, in Kurdistan Region, Iraq

“…The maximum and minimum effective dose rates were 0.171 µSv.h -1 and 0.145 µSv.h -1 , respectively. The results demonstrated that the extraordinary radiation levels in the environment 1, the average effective dose rate (µSv/h) calculated for the time interval from 2009 to 2016 was found to be 0.158±0.013 µSv.h -1 , and it is within the acceptable range of the global average gamma dose rate (0.01-0.2 µSv.h -1 ) according to UNSCEAR (1993,2000) reported, and lower than the calculated value of the average gamma dose rate for the Bitlis (0.28 µSv.h -1 ) [20].…”

“…There is no significant variance in effective dose rate readings for different years. In addition, no significant differences in effective dose rate measurements were found compared to the value effective dose rate of 0.26130 mSv.y -1 obtained in 2019 as shown in Fig 3 . The calculated average AED 0.2614145 mSv.y -1 value was less than the recommended public dose limit of 1 mSv.y -1 set by the ICRP and UNSCEAR [20], and less than the calculated value for Bushehr city (0.36 mSv.y -1 ) [22] ,Sao Paulo city (1.3-±0.1 mSv.y -1 ) [23], and Al-Basrah city (Iraq) (0.472 mSv.y -1 ) [24].…”

Environmental Gamma Dose Measurement in Arin Lake (Bitlis)

“…The geographic characteristics of a location, such as altitude, latitude-longitude coordinates, and the amount of incident solar radiation usually determine the effect of cosmic radiation (UNSCEAR 2010;Karatepe 2019;Pashazadeh 2014). Terrestrial radiation originates from the geological features of the area, encompassing rock formations, soil compositions, water sources, and air (Bal 2015). Terrestrial radiation generally emanates from naturally occurring isotopes such as 238 U, and 232 Th, 40 K, as well as artificially generated isotopes such as 137 Cs, 90 Sr, 239 Pu, and their respective radioactive decay products (SureshGandhi 2014;Bal 2018).…”