“…While scholars have investigated TIE at the firm level, such as new energy vehicle enterprises (Fang et al, 2020), lithium‐ion battery listed enterprises (Zhong et al, 2022), or renewable energy enterprises (Shen et al, 2022), they paid little attention to TIE of agribusiness firms. In addition, although recent literature on agribusiness firms discusses economic efficiency (Aydin & Unakitan, 2018; Gunes & Guldal, 2019), nontechnological innovations (Fuentes & Soto, 2015), and total factor productivity (Nilsson, 2017), we are not aware of any empirical studies on agribusiness management that examine the impact of AD on TIE. Therefore, this merits further attention and investigation.…”