Determination of Decay Hazard Index (Scheffer Index) in Korea for Exterior Above-Ground Wood

Kim, Tae Kyun; Ra, Ji-Eun; Kang, Sung‐Mo; Wang, Jieying

doi:10.5658/wood.2011.39.6.531

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…There is an increase in the Scheffer index despite the declining number of wet days, but this is more than compensated for by the increasing temperature. The conclusion of increasing fungal risk made here is similar to results from work in Korea, which suggests that "that Korean weather tends to turn into the weather of [a] subtropical region, the decay hazard of Korea seems to have high possibility to be gradually increased" [20].…”

Section: Fungal Damage At Nikkōsupporting

confidence: 84%

Pressures from long term environmental change at the shrines and temples of Nikkō

Brimblecombe

Hayashi

2018

Herit Sci

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Background: Important historic buildings at Nikkō are designated National Treasures of Japan or important cultural properties and illustrate notable architectural styles. We examine the records of damaging events and environmental change to estimate that changing balance of threats to guiding strategic planning and protection of the buildings and associated intangible heritage. Methods: Historic records from Nikkō allow past damage to be assessed along with projections of likely future threats. Simple non parametric statistics, Lorenz curves and its associated Gini coefficient aids interpretation of observations. Results: Earthquakes have long represented a threat, but mostly to fixed stone structures. Flooding may be as growing problem, but historically river management has improved. Increasing warmth may mean an increase in the threat of fungal attack. However, insect attack on wood has been a particular problem as recent years have seen damage by wood boring insects, particularly at Sanbutsudō in the temple complex of Rinnō-ji. Although warmer climates may enhance the abundance of insects such as P. cylindricum the life cycle of this rare anobiid is not well understood. The risk of forest fires tends to be higher in drought period, but summer rainfall may well increase at Nikkō. Additionally good forestry practice can reduce this risk. Future changes to climate are likely to alter the flowering dates and the arrival of autumn colours. Conclusion: The results show that environmental changes are likely to affect the material structure and also the nature of celebrations and visitor frequency at Nikkō. Conservation architects and skilled engineers will be challenged by these changes, so need to be well briefed on strategic environmental threats.

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Section: Fungal Damage At Nikkōsupporting

confidence: 84%

Pressures from long term environmental change at the shrines and temples of Nikkō

Brimblecombe

Hayashi

2018

Herit Sci

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“…Later on, Carll (2009) added data for Hawaii, where the SCI was > 300. Numerous authors used the SCI for decay hazard mapping of various countries and regions such as Canada (Setliff 1986), North America (Morris et al 2008), Korea (Kim et al 2011;Kim and Ra 2014), Iran (Helali et al 2021), China (Wang et al 2007), Japan (Hasegawa 1996), Australia (Wang et al 2008a), Switzerland (Brischke and Selter 2020), Norway (Lisø et al 2006;Tajet and Hygen 2017), United Kingdom (Curling and Ormondroyd 2018), Spain (Fernandez-Golfin et al 2016), Greece (Nikolitsa and Giarma 2019), Northern Europe (Niklewski et al 2016b), Slovenia (Humar et al 2021) and Europe (Brischke et al 2011;.…”

Section: Wood Decay Hazard Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the biotic degradation hazard of wood in Europe – biophysical background, engineering applications, and climate change-induced prospects

et al. 2021

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Construction using timber has seen a resurgence in light of global climate mitigation policies. Wood is a renewable resource, and engineered wood products are proving to be competitive against concrete and steel while having several advantages. However, while the renewable nature of wood in construction is a beneficial property for climate mitigation policies, the process of biodegradation introduces a challenge for service life planning. A review of hazard mapping is presented while developing contemporary hazard maps, occurrence maps and projected hazard maps for 2050 using representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.6 and 8.5. The risk of timber decay is expected to increase in most of Europe as the temperatures rise, with a decrease expected in dryer regions. Termites are likely to experience a range expansion as more areas become suitable, while human activity and an increase in extreme weather events like floods are expected to facilitate dispersion. Marine borer species already present a risk in most European coastal regions; however, the effect of changes in water temperatures are likely to shift the boundaries for individual borer species. Overall, warmer climates are expected to increase the metabolic activity of all of these organisms leading to a general reduction in service life.

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“…Jinju was considered as a moderate decay zone according to Scheffer index (Kim et al, 2011;Kim and Ra, 2013;Kim and Ra, 2014). The Scheffer index of Jinju determined in 10 years is shown in were already replaced because of severe decay.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten-Year Performance of Shell-Treated Wooden Deck

Ra¹

2019

Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology

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The performance of a wooden deck made of refractory materials that have difficulties in achieving target penetrations as stipulated in the specification and quality standards for treated wood in Korea, was assessed via a case study in this research. A wooden deck built in Jinju in 2009 was selected for this study because of its fabrication method using pressure and treated refractory materials. The penetration and retention analysis did not satisfy the domestic standard for treated wood. Inspection of the deck in 2019 revealed that the deck had been attacked by decay fungi. Cap rails showed much deeper and wider checking on their surface compared with the top and base rails, resulting in a severe fungal attack. The decking boards exhibited severe fungal decay primarily in the end parts. However, the rails and balusters without checks and posts were virtually free of fungal attack irrespective of the preservative penetration measures.Copper content in the soil 5 cm away from the deck was less than 150 mg/kg, implying that copper movement in the soil was very limited. These results suggest that the inhibition of surface propagation and the protection of end surfaces are essential factors in increasing the longevity of treated wooden decks; further, the results also showed that the deck was within an acceptable range from the point of copper contamination.

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Determination of Decay Hazard Index (Scheffer Index) in Korea for Exterior Above-Ground Wood

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Pressures from long term environmental change at the shrines and temples of Nikkō

Pressures from long term environmental change at the shrines and temples of Nikkō

Mapping the biotic degradation hazard of wood in Europe – biophysical background, engineering applications, and climate change-induced prospects

Ten-Year Performance of Shell-Treated Wooden Deck

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