Determination of decabromodiphenyl ether in sediments using selective pressurized liquid extraction followed by GC–NCI-MS

Abstract

A method based on selective pressurized liquid extraction (SPLE) followed by gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (GC-NCI-MS) has been evaluated for analysis of decabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-209) in sediment samples. Instrumental operating conditions such as source temperature and system pressure were optimized in the NCI-MS system, giving an instrumental detection limit of 2 pg. The limit of determination of the entire SPLE-GC-NCI-MS procedure was around 50 pg g(-1) dry weight (dw), with repeatability of replicates between 4 and 21% relative standard deviation. Application of the method to 13 different river and marine sediment samples collected in Spain revealed that levels of decabromodiphenyl ether ranged between 2 and 132 ng g(-1) dry weight.

Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRS) Analysis in Leachates and Sludge from a Landfill and Wastewater Plant in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City

“…BFRs concentrations in this study were lower than other similar studies in other countries [22][23][24][25][27][28][29][30], however the characteristics of the landfill like the great volume of solid wastes as well as the re injection of leachates into the landfill could contribute to the release and concentration of contaminants in the landfill. …”

Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction on RTG-2 cells of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209)

“…Some reports reveal BDE-209 and BDE-47 are the dominant congeners in most cases of the abiotic and the biotic, respectively. For example, the BDE-209 concentration is 12 lg/l in water, over 100 lg/kg in effluent particulates of water (La Guardia et al, 2004), 248 ± 81 lg/kg in sewage sludge (Christensen et al, 2003), and 0.5-132 lg/kg in sediments (Eljarrat et al, 2004;Sawal et al, 2004). It was reported that BDE-47 predominated about 50% or more of the total PBDEs in fish species from North America, the European Union and China (Hites, 2004;Xiang et al, 2007;Xian et al, 2008).…”

Brominated Flame Retardants in Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus) from Alaska, the Canadian Arctic, East Greenland, and Svalbard

“…The column was eluted with hexane followed by n-hexane:DCM (1:1) to separate PCBs from most PBDEs except BDE 47 which partially eluted in Fraction 1. The second elution of 15% DCM/n-hexane contained the PBDEs except for BDE 209 which was not recovered efficiently from Florisil (31). Samples from Alaska and Svalbard were chromatographed on activated silica gel (8 g, 1.1 cm i.d.…”