Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction on RTG-2 cells of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209)

Jin, Shiwei; Yang, Fangxing; Ye, Hui; Xu, Ying; Lu, Yuanan; Liu, Jiankang

doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2010.02.012

Cited by 58 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…For example, RTG-2, a fish cell line, was significantly affected by 12.5 lM BDE-47 and 25 lM BDE-209 (Jin et al, 2010). In Jurkat T cells and granulocytes, BDE-47 induced cell apoptosis at concentrations of 25 lM and 12 lM, respectively (Frouin et al, 2010;Jin et al, 2010). In neuron cells, including primary rat hippocampal neuron and SH-SY5Y, BDE-47 was shown to cause cell apoptosis and DNA damage at 41.2 lM .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In marine mammals and human serum, the PBDE concentration reaches as high as 1000 ng g À1 lipid and 334.18 ng g À1 lipid, respectively (Ni et al, 2013). By considering PBDEs' high bioaccumulation capability and potentially high occupational exposure scenarios, such as E-waste workers in Taizhou, China (Ni et al, 2013), we set three groups of concentrations to represent low (BDE-47, 1 lM; BDE-209, 5 lM), medium (BDE-47, 2 lM; BDE-209, 10 lM), and high (BDE-47, 5 and 10 lM; were also based on our cell viability analysis and comparable to those used in previous studies (Frouin et al, 2010;Jin et al, 2010). Following exposure to PBDEs, both flow cytometric and immunochemical blotting analyses showed a concentration-and timedependent increase in cell apoptosis and necrosis in PBDE-exposed macrophages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro immune toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on murine peritoneal macrophages: Apoptosis and immune cell dysfunction

Wan

Guo

et al. 2015

Chemosphere

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h i g h l i g h t sPBDEs induced macrophage apoptosis. ROS levels were increased and GSH was depleted in PBDE-exposed macrophages. NAC could only partially attenuate the cytotoxicity of PBDEs. Both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways were activated by PBDEs. Macrophage accessory cell function was inhibited by non-cytotoxic levels of PBDEs. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c tPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely used as flame retardants and are often detected in the environment, wildlife, and humans, presenting potential threats to ecosystem and human health. PBDEs can cause neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and endocrine disruption. However, data on PBDE immunotoxicity are limited, and the toxicity mechanisms remain largely unknown. Both immune cell death and dysfunction can modulate the responses of the immune system. This study examined the toxic effects of 2,2 0 , 4,4 0 -tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) on the immune system by using peritoneal macrophages as the model. The macrophages were exposed to PBDEs, and cell death was determined through flow cytometry and immunochemical blot. The results showed that after 24 h of exposure, BDE-47 (>5 lM) and BDE-209 (>20 lM) induced cell apoptosis, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and depleted glutathione. BDE-47 was more potent than BDE-209; the cytotoxic concentrations for BDE-47 and BDE-209 were determined to be 5 lM and 20 lM, respectively, during 24 h of exposure. However, pretreatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (ROS scavenger) partially reversed the cytotoxic effects. Further gene expression analyses on Caspase-3,-8,-9, TNFR1, and Bax revealed that both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways were activated. More importantly, non-cytotoxic concentrations BDE-47 (<2 lM) and BDE-209 (<10 lM) could impair macrophage accessory cell function in a concentration-dependent manner, but no effects were observed on phagocytic responses. These revealed effects of PBDEs on macrophages may shed light on the toxicity mechanisms of PBDEs and suggest the necessity of evaluating cellular functionality during the risk assessment of PBDE immunotoxicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro immune toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on murine peritoneal macrophages: Apoptosis and immune cell dysfunction

Wan

Guo

et al. 2015

Chemosphere

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“…Oxidative stress is generated by the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in living organisms, caused by exposure to heavy metals and organic contaminants (Saint-Denis et al, 2001;Lin et al, 2010). Oxidative stress was produced in earthworms exposed to BDE 209, HBCD and TBBPA by the generation of excessive hydroxyl radical ROS (Xue et al, 2009;Jin et al, 2010;Marvin et al, 2011;Xie et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of growth inhibition and antioxidant gene expression in earthworms ( Eisenia fetida ) exposed to tetrabromobisphenol A, hexabromocyclododecane and decabromodiphenyl ether

Shi

Zheng

et al. 2015

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

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Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209), suspected ubiquitous contaminants, account for the largest volume of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) since penta-BDE and octa-BDE have been phased out globally. In this paper, the growth inhibition and gene transcript levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT)) and the stress-response gene involved in the prevention of oxidative stress (Hsp70) of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed to TBBPA, HBCD and BDE 209 were measured to identify the toxicity effects of selected BFRs on earthworms. The growth of earthworms treated by TBBPA at 200 and 400 mg/kg dw were inhibited at rate of 13.7% and 22.0% respectively, while there was no significant growth inhibition by HBCD and BDE 209. A significant (P b 0.01) up-regulation of SOD expression level was observed in earthworms exposed to TBBPA at 50 mg/kg dw (1.77-fold) and to HBCD at 400 mg/kg dw (2.06-fold). The transcript level of Hsp70 gene was significantly up-regulated (P b 0.01) when earthworms exposed to TBBPA at concentration of 50-200 mg/kg (2.16-2.19-fold) and HBCD at 400 mg/kg (2.61-fold). No significant variation of CAT gene expression in all the BFRs treatments was observed, neither does all the target gene expression level exposed to BDE 209. Assessed by growth inhibition and the changes at mRNA levels of encoding genes in earthworms, TBBPA showed the greatest toxicity, followed by HBCD and BDE 209, consistent with trends in molecular properties. The results help to understand the molecular mechanism of antioxidant defense.

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“…(LI, et al, 2008;HU, et al, 2007HU, et al, , 2009YAN, et al,2011). Recentemente, pesquisas científicas têm direcionado seu foco aos efeitos ocasionados pela exposição aos PBDEs devido sua incidência no ambiente e nos organismos (JIN, et al, 2010). Dentre todos os PBDEs, os menos bromados, nomeadamente os tetra, penta e os hexa-BDEs (com quatro, cinco e seis átomos de bromo em suas moléculas, respectivamente), têm sido objeto de maior preocupação devido ao aumento exponencial da sua concentração em amostras biológicas, principalmente em leite materno (STRANDMAN et al, 2000).…”

Section: Fonte: Próprio Autorunclassified

“…al., 2004;GIORDANO, 2007;COSTA, et al, 2008;TALNESS, 2008 ZHANG., et al, 2008;QIU, et al, 2009;JIN, et al, 2010;PAROLINE;BINELLI, 2012 …”

Section: Fonte: Próprio Autormentioning

confidence: 99%

Avaliação dos congêneres BDE-100 e BDE-153 de éteres difenílicos polibromados sobre a linhagem celular HepG2 e linfócitos humanos: efeitos citotóxicos, genotóxicos e mutagênicos

Pereira¹

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Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction on RTG-2 cells of 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209)

Cited by 58 publications

References 46 publications

In vitro immune toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on murine peritoneal macrophages: Apoptosis and immune cell dysfunction

In vitro immune toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on murine peritoneal macrophages: Apoptosis and immune cell dysfunction

Responses of growth inhibition and antioxidant gene expression in earthworms ( Eisenia fetida ) exposed to tetrabromobisphenol A, hexabromocyclododecane and decabromodiphenyl ether

Avaliação dos congêneres BDE-100 e BDE-153 de éteres difenílicos polibromados sobre a linhagem celular HepG2 e linfócitos humanos: efeitos citotóxicos, genotóxicos e mutagênicos

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