Determination of cyclic fatty acids by gas‐liquid chromatography

Black, L. M.; Eisenhauer, R. A.

doi:10.1007/bf02633688

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…Standard AOAC and AACC methods were used for the analyses of the SC-CO2 extracted flours. The small amount of residual triglyceride oil remaining in the flours was determined by gas chromatography (Black et al, 1967). Nitrogen solubility index (NSI) was determined to establish what effect supercritical fluid extraction had on denaturation of germ proteins.…”

Section: Analyticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Dry-Milled Corn Germ with Carbon Dioxide

Christianson¹,

Friedrich²,

List³

et al. 1984

J Food Science

103

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Dry-milled corn germ was extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO,) at 5,000-8,000 psi and 50°C. C02-extracted oil was lower in free fatty acids and refining loss, and was lighter in color when compared with a commercial expeller-milled crude oil. Total unsaponifiable and tocopherol contents were similar for both oil types. The defatted, highly friable flour has a shelf-stable moisture content of 2-3% and good flavor quality. The flour contains 20% protein with good amino acid balance, meeting FAO specifications for food protein supplements. High pressure SC-CO, extraction also denatures the proteins, including oxidative enzymes. Peroxidase activity is reduced tenfold in SC-CO>-extracted flour when compared with hexane-extracted flours. Storage tests for 5 wk at 38°C and for 2 months at 25°C show that flavor quality of untoasted SC-CO?-defatted germ flour is maintained even under these extreme conditions.

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Section: Analyticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Dry-Milled Corn Germ with Carbon Dioxide

Christianson¹,

Friedrich²,

List³

et al. 1984

J Food Science

103

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“…All the methods were based on GC analysis of the totally hydrogenated FAME Sébédio et al 1987aSébédio et al , b, 1989Black and Eisenhauer 1963;Ribot et al 1992). However, the quantities of C18-CFAM in the oils are usually small.…”

Section: Structure and Analysis Of Cfam In Processed Vegetable Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Methods for Quantification of Modified Fatty Acids and Sterols Formed as a Result of Processing

et al. 2008

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Fats and oils are often submitted to technological treatments before being consumed. Some treatments like refining, hydrogenation, and frying often lead to the formation of modified fatty acids such as cyclic fatty acid monomers (CFAM), geometrical fatty acid isomers, and/or oxidized fatty acids and sterols (cholesterol and phytosterols). Both cholesterol oxidation products (COP) and phytosterol oxidation products (POP), may be present in foods. As some of the newly formed components may present some adverse effects upon consumption, methods have been developed to analyze these compounds in food products and biological samples. Gas liquid chromatography (GC) on long polar columns (100m) is a good choice to quantify trans mono-and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In some cases a pre-fractionation step using silver nitrate thin layer chromatography (AgNO 3 -TLC) may be necessary to avoid GC overlapping of cis and trans isomers. Analysis of CFAM usually involves transformation of the sample in fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) which after addition of an internal standard (IS) are further hydrogenated. An enrichment step using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) permits to obtain a fraction which consists of a mixture of CFAM and the IS. This fraction is further analyzed by GC on a polar column. The analysis of oxidized triacylglycerol monomers (oxTG) as a group was feasible by a combination of adsorption and sizeexclusion chromatography. Quantification in used frying fats and oils around the limit of rejection for human consumption (25% polar compounds) has shown that the amount of oxTG range 5.9-9.4% expressed on fat or oil weight. In foods and biological tissues, the level of oxidized sterols (SOP) is often a very small fraction of their unoxidized forms. Analysis of SOP involved extraction of lipids, saponification or transesterification, enrichment, and subsequent qualitative and quantitative determination by GC and GC-MS, or HPLC and HPLC-MS. In addition, enrichment of SOP requires complete separation from the unoxidized sterols in order to separate these compounds even by high resolution GC capillary columns.

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Nachweis gesättigter cycloaliphatischer und aromatischer Fettsäuremethylester durch Dünnschicht‐ und Gas‐Chromatographie

Wieske

Rinke

1967

Fette, Seifen, Anstrichm.

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Durch praparative Alkali-Isomerisierung von Fischol und an-schlie5ende Hydrierung und Fraktionierung des cyclisierten Gemisches sowie durch cyclisierende Hydrierung wurden homologe Reihen gesattigter cycloaliphatischer (CFA) und aromatischer (AFA) Fettsaure-methylester gewonnen und durch Diinnschichtund Gas-Chromatographie analysiert. Im Dunnschicht-Chromatogramm der Fraktionen, die mit Harnstoff keine Addukte bilden, lassen sich noch 0.4O/o CFA und AFA als Substanzklassen nachweisen. Aquivalente Kohlenstoffzahlen (Stearinsaure = 18) der am starksten vertretenen Isomeren von CFA-und AFA-Homologen (Cls bis C2,) wurden aus den Gas-Chromatogrammen der dunnschicht-chromatographisch getrennten Substanzklassen bestimmt.Detection des esters methyllques d'acides gras cycloaliphatiques satures et aromatlques par Bromatographie en couBe mlnce e t en phase gazeuse Par isomerisation alcaline preparative d'une huile de Poisson, suivie d'hydrogenation et de fractionnement du melange cyclise, ainsi que par hydrogenation cyclisante, on a obtenu de series homologues d'esters methyliques d'acides gras cycloaliphatiques satures (CFA) et aromatiques (AFA), que l'on a analysees par dxomatographie en couche mince et en phase gazeuse. Le chromatogramme en couche mince des fractions, qui ne forment pas de condensat avec l'uree, permet de deceler jusqu'a 0.40/0 de CFA et AFA comme classes de matiere. Les longueurs equivalentes de chaine (acide stearique = 18) des isomeres les plus abondants des homologues de CFA et AFA (Cls a Czz) sont determinees A partir des chromatogrammes gazeux des classes de matiere separees par chromatographie en couche mince.

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Determination of cyclic fatty acids by gas‐liquid chromatography

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Dry-Milled Corn Germ with Carbon Dioxide

Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Dry-Milled Corn Germ with Carbon Dioxide

Analytical Methods for Quantification of Modified Fatty Acids and Sterols Formed as a Result of Processing

Nachweis gesättigter cycloaliphatischer und aromatischer Fettsäuremethylester durch Dünnschicht‐ und Gas‐Chromatographie

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