Determination of copper, nickel, cobalt, silver, lead, cadmium, and mercury ions in water by solid-phase extraction and the RP-HPLC with UV-Vis detection

Abstract

A new method for the simultaneous determination of seven heavy metal ions in water by solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was developed. The copper, nickel, cobalt, silver, lead, cadmium, and mercury ions were pre-column derivatized with tetra( m-aminophenyl)porphyrin (T m-APP) to form colored chelates. The metal-T m-APP chelates in 100 mL of sample were preconcentrated to 1 mL by solid-phase extraction with a C(18 )cartridge; an enrichment factor of 100 was achieved. The chelates were separated on a Waters Xterra()RP(18) column by gradient elution with methanol (containing 0.05 mol L(-1) pyrrolidine-acetic acid buffer salt, pH 10.0) and acetone (containing 0.05 mol L(-1) pyrrolidine-acetic acid buffer salt, pH 10.0) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1) and detected with a photodiode array detector. The detection limits of copper, cobalt, nickel, silver, lead, cadmium, and mercury are 2, 2, 3, 4, 3, 3, and 3 ng L(-1), respectively, in the original sample. The method was also applied to the determination of these metals in water with good results.

Sonoelectroanalysis in Acoustically Emulsified Media: Zinc and Cadmium

“…Monitoring is therefore essential with ongoing research needed to reduce chemical and matrix interferences to improve the analysis of cadmium [34]. Typical methods include inductively coupled plasma-mass mass spectrometric detection [36,37] (ICP-MS), high performance liquid chromatography, [38,39] and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry [40,41]. These techniques usually require time consuming sample pretreatments [42].…”

Combination of Ultrasonic-Assisted Cloud Point Extraction with Flame AAS for Preconcentration and Determination of Trace Amounts of Silver and Cadmium in Dried Nut and Vegetable Samples

“…Determination of trace levels of Ag(I) and Cd(II) in water, foods, and vegetables is possible using several analytical techniques such as potentiometric sensors in complex mixtures (Shirmardi-Dezaki et al 2012); FAAS in various food samples (Mashhadizadeh et al 2014); inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) in mushrooms (Chudzyński et al 2013); reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with UV-vis detection in water (Hu et al 2003); GFAAS in biological, water, and soil samples (Yang et al 2009); ETAAS in environmental and rice samples (Rahman et al 2004;Silva et al 2011); and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in foods (Nardi et al 2009). ETAAS (or GFAAS), ICP-MS, and ICP-AES are the most sensitive techniques for the determination of trace level of metals, but these techniques, especially ETAAS (or GFAAS), are expensive (when considered cost per analysis of both few elements and many elements in high volume), have poor short-term precision (0.5-5 % for 5-10 min) and long-term precision (1.0-10 % for 1-2 h), are time-consuming due to long furnace program, and need expert's user in his/her area.…”

Determination of Zinc, Copper, and Mercury in Water Samples by Using Novel Micro Cloud Point Extraction and UV-Vis Spectrophotometry

“…Over the years, UV-Vis spectrophotometry has been widely used for the determination of metals [2][3][4][5][6], because it is an available and inexpensive technique which can be found in most laboratories. However, due to low concentration of heavy metals, insufficient sensitivity of the instrument, and matrix interferences, there are some difficulties for determination of traces of such analytes using this technique.…”