Determination of concentration of total sodium and potassium in surface and ground water using a flame photometer

Abstract

In this paper, we have investigated 18 water samples collected from various sources, e.g., surface, underground and river water, as specimens for their sodium and potassium ions content in and around Dhanbad, a mining town, using the flame photometry. We have plotted the contour maps to show the spatial distributions of the dissolved sodium and potassium cations in the groundwater and surface water sources in and around the Dhanbad city to identify the relative contributions of human and natural phenomena to it. Along with it, water quality index (WQI) is calculated to evaluate whether the collected surface, ground and river water samples are fit for human consumption for the residents of those areas. The water of Maithan Dam has been observed to have the least sodium and potassium concentrations of 16 mg/l and 7 mg/l, respectively, which make it most suitable for human consumption. The water of Rani Talab Pond has the highest sodium and potassium contents of 49 mg/l and 24 mg/l. WQI values of all the samples are found to be less than 50, which indicates they are safe to consume by the humans. Reduction in the use of pesticides, potassium permanganate and water softeners is recommended to maintain WQI of the Dhanbad city within safe limit.

Microbiome signature and diversity regulates the level of energy production under anaerobic condition

“…Thereafter, the CH 4 concentration gradually declined (up to Day 44), and thus, no samples were collected during this stage (Day 36–Day 44) for metagenomic analysis. The TN content was measured by micro-Kjeldahl method 62 while phosphorus, potassium, heavy metals (Lead, Zinc, Nickel, Cadmium, Chromium), OC, Sulphur and moisture content were determined by spectrophotometric molybdovanadate 63 , flame photometric 64 , atomic absorption spectrophotometric 63 , wet oxidation, turbidimetric and gravimetric methods from the Department of Soil Science, University of Dhaka. The detection limit of metals was of the order of 0.1 μg L −1 30 .…”

From Fully Physical to Virtual Sensing for Water Quality Assessment: A Comprehensive Review of the Relevant State-of-the-Art

“…where the SAR is expressed in meq/L. Calcium and magnesium are accurately analyzed with the atomic absorption spectrometric technique and the inductively coupled plasma method [43], while the most commonly applied method for sodium analysis is flame emission photometry [43,51]. However, laboratories in some developing countries do not have this modern equipment, and still rely on the somewhat error-prone titration method for calcium and magnesium and then determine sodium by calculation [37].…”

Application of glycine, folic acid, and moringa extract as bio-stimulants for enhancing the production of ‘Flame Seedless’ grape cultivar

“…Finally, the dried leaf samples were ground and acid digested using H2SO4 and H2O2 until the digested solution became clear. The digested solution was used for the determination of nitrogen using the micro-Kjeldahl method (Wang et al 2016), phosphorus by the vanadomolybdate method (Weiwei et al 2017), and potassium using a flame photometer (Banerjee and Prasad 2020).…”