Determination of chlorpyrifos in environmental water samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with solidification of a floating organic drop followed by gas chromatography with flame photometry detection

Recent advances in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for pesticide analysis

“…Xiong et al [22] developed a DLLME method based on solidification of floating organic droplet (DLLME-SFOD) for the determination of chlorpyrifos in environmental water samples followed by GC-flame-photometric detection (GC-FPD). The ER was 79.02% and the EF was 232.42.…”

“…The use of microcolumn and centrifugation are not required for separation of the extraction phase. The procedures presented in DLLME are not simple [22][23][24][25][26][27], so further research is necessary to complete experiments in this area.…”

“…DLLME is time consuming when performed in manual mode, due to the centrifugation step. This time-consuming step can be avoided by ST-DLLME [34] and some other types of DLLME [22,46]. In spite of that, applications of DLLME in the analysis of pesticides remain few.…”

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic droplet for the determination of thiamphenicol and florfenicol in environmental water samples

“…The effect of the extraction time was investigated in the range of 5-30 min, and the results showed that there was no significant difference in extraction efficiency with the change of extraction times. This may be explained by the apparent quick mass transfer of analyte from the sample solution to the extraction solvent, suggesting that the extraction equilibrium can be reached within a short time (Xiong et al, 2012). Thus, a short extraction time (5 min) was selected in subsequent experiments.…”

Fast, sensitive and reliable multi-residue method for routine determination of 34 pesticides from various chemical groups in water samples by using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

“…Regarding this second group of solvents, the sample needs additionally to be cooled and then the solidified drop of solvent is collected from the vial, melted and analyzed. This variant is called DLLME-Solidification of Floating Organic droplet (DLLME-SFO) [31,32]. Special devices with narrow tube necks are required to facilitate the collection of floated extracts [33,34].…”