Determination of Chloramphenicol in Honey Using Salting-Out Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Coupled with Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Validation According to 2002/657 European Commission Decision

Abstract

Honey is a natural food widely consumed due to its high content in nutrients and bioactive substances. In order to prevent hive infections, xenobiotics such as pesticides and antibiotics are commonly used. Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat honeybee larvae diseases. However, CAP has toxic and nondose-dependent effects in sensitive subjects; for this reason, its use has been prohibited in food-producing animals, such as the honeybee. In this study, we proposed a rapid, simple, and cheap analytical method, based on salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with UHPLC MS/MS detection for the accurate determination of CAP in honey to be used in routine analyses. The parameters that influence the extraction efficiency have been optimized using an experimental design in order to maximize the recovery of the analyte by reducing the matrix effects. Therefore, the developed method was internally validated according to the 2002/657/EC Decision guidelines and applied to the analysis of 96 honey samples.

Exonuclease III-Driven Dual-Amplified Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on PDDA-Gr/PtPd@Ni-Co Hollow Nanoboxes for Chloramphenicol Detection

“…So far, various technologies have been reported to detect CAP, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry . These techniques which rely on large-scale instruments are accurate and stable.…”

“…So far, various technologies have been reported to detect CAP, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 6 gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC− MS), 7 and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. 8 These techniques which rely on large-scale instruments are accurate and stable. Still, there exist some inevitable limitations such as complicated operation, overlong analysis time, and high-cost equipment, which limit their application in instantaneous monitoring.…”

Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Chloramphenicol in Guangzhou, China

“…The process of determination of CAP residues in food was in accordance to a previously reported method using LC-MS with some modifications [24][25][26][27][28].…”

Molecularly Imprinted Silica-Coated CdTe Quantum Dots for Fluorometric Determination of Trace Chloramphenicol

“…Therefore, CAP can be detected in environmental waters [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Various methods of CAP detection have been reported, such as chromatography [ 7 , 8 ], chemiluminescent [ 9 , 10 ], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ 11 ], electrochemical analysis [ 12 , 13 ] and aptamer sensor [ 14 ]. Although each of these methods has its own advantages, many of these have several disadvantages, such as their high detection cost, cumbersome sample pretreatment and complicated operation procedures.…”