Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Chloramphenicol in Guangzhou, China

Abstract

Chloramphenicol has been used in veterinary medicine, where its residues can remain in food of animal origin, thus potentially causing adverse health effects. This facilitated the ban for its use in food-producing animals globally, but its residues have remained ubiquitous. In this study, food commodities possibly contaminated with chloramphenicol, including livestock meat, poultry, edible viscera, fish, shrimp and crab, molluscs, milk, and eggs, were collected from domestic retail shops in all the 11 districts of Guangzhou and tested for its residue. Probabilistic risk assessment model calculations for its dietary exposure, and the margin of exposure (displayed as mean values and 5th percentile to 95th percentile ranges) were performed by using @RISK software based on a Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations. The results indicated the detection of chloramphenicol in 248 out of 1454 samples (17.1%), which averaged to a level of 29.1 μg/kg. The highest average value was observed in molluscs (148.2 μg/kg, with the top value as 8196 μg/kg); meanwhile, based on the dietary structure of a typical Cantonese, pond fish, pork, and poultry meat contributed most (about 80%) to the residents’ dietary exposure to chloramphenicol. The margin of exposure for dietary chloramphenicol exposure in Guangzhou residents was 2489, which was apparently below 5000 (the borderline for judging a health risk), particularly low in preschool children (2094, suggesting an increased risk). In conclusion, the study suggests that chloramphenicol exposure in Guangzhou residents is considerable, and its relevant health hazard, especially for preschool children, is worthy of further investigation.

Effect of Bacterial Resistance of Escherichia coli From Swine in Large-Scale Pig Farms in Beijing

“…As human aplastic anemia and certain reproductive/hepatotoxic issues in animals could be induced by chloramphenicol, its use in food, feed, medicine and aquaculture production has been banned for at least 20 years in different parts of the world ( Sathya et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2021 ). Since 2002, China has clearly stipulated that chloramphenicol is prohibited in animal-source foods, as described in Announcement No.…”

Sensitive fluorescence assay of chloramphenicol coupled with two-level isothermal amplification using a self-powered catalyzed hairpin assembly and entropy-driven circuit

“…Many organizations have set maximum contaminant levels for CAP, including the European Union, the United States, and China. 9,10 The United States and EU have set the minimum required performance limit (MRPL) of CAP at 0.3 mg kg −1 in food items such as meat, eggs, milk, aquaculture products and honey. Thus, it is necessary to develop an effective analytical method for monitoring trace levels of chloramphenicol in food and drug products.…”

دراسة توصيلية وحسابية للكلورامفينيكول في مذيبات ودرجات حرارية مختلفة

“…Chloramphenicol (CAP) C11 H12Cl2 N2O5, Scheme 1 is an antibacterial agent with abroad spectrum of activity against gram-positive bacteria, gramnegative bacteria 1,2 . So it is a medication used in the cases of infections where chloramphenicol ointments are used for treating the surgical wound infections in the plastic surgery and eye surgery 3,4 , chloramphenicol has also been used for treating of typhoid 5 and cholera 6 . Chloramphenicol is classified as antimicrobials that inhibits protein synthesis, and it is organo chlorine compound that is dichlorosubstituted acetamide containing a nitro benzene ring, an amide bond ,and two alcohol functions and it is a white to pale yellow powder 7 .…”