Determination of Carbendazim in Water, Soil and Sediment Samples by RPLC with and Without Column Switching and Various Spectrometric Detection Modes

Ionic liquid-dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the simultaneous determination of pesticides and metabolites in soils using high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection

“…In the work of Xiong and Hu [17], who analyzed six organosulfur pesticides by DLLME-GC-FPD, the LOD obtained for TZ (the only pesticide in common with this work) was approximately 23 ng/g (authors only provided LODs of the method for waters), which is also in accordance with the ones of our work. Results obtained in this work are also similar or even better to the ones obtained analyzing some of these compounds in soils using different techniques [7,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Only in two of them [41,42], a lower LOD than in the present work was obtained for CB.…”

Ecotoxicological effects of rice field waters on selected planktonic species: comparison between conventional and organic farming

“…Nicosia et al (1991) and Okamoto et al (1998) found in rice fields peak concentrations of 29-106 lg/l of bensulfuron-methyl and half-lives of 1.5-2.9 days. Information for carbendazim residues in rice paddy waters is scarce, but a study conducted by Hogendoorn et al (2000) reported peak carbendazim residues in ditch field water of 128.1 lg/l just after herbicide application and relative low levels after 3 days (\2.9 lg/l). Predicted toxicity of the measured pesticide levels in water 2 and 1 days after herbicide and fungicide applications denoted high toxicity (TU C 1) to algae and D. magna.…”

“…Oxadiazon (RONSTAR Ò ) was applied before inundation as pre emergence herbicide. Field studies conducted with the above mentioned pesticides have reported low to moderate half lifes in water (2-10 days), high environmental levels (10-206 lg/l) in rice paddies surface waters during peak application and moderate to low levels in surrounding waters afterwards (\0.1-2.3 lg/l in rivers and lakes) (Quayle et al 2006;Zanella et al 2002;Hogendoorn et al 2000;Armbrust 2000;Okamoto et al 1998;Nicosia et al 1991). However, these compounds can be accumulated in soil where the half life can be of several months (FAO and United Nations 1989).…”

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry as a Tool to Investigate Pesticides and Their Degradation Products

“…According to this fact many reversed phase (RP) methods have been developed in gradient elution conditions [6,7]. Less attention appears to have been paid to systematic control of pH, in spite of its importance in determining ion source performance [8] and chromatographic selectivity. Selected pKa values [9] are reported in Table 3.…”