Determination of cannabinoid acids by high-performance liquid chromatography of their neutral derivatives formed by thermal decarboxylation

Veress, Tibor; Szanto, J.; Leisztner, L.

doi:10.1016/0021-9673(90)85118-f

Cited by 70 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detects cannabinoids in both the acidic and neutral forms and can provide an effective tool for more accurate assessment. Therefore numerous HPLC methods have been developed to determine the cannabinoid pattern in herbal cannabis and cannabis resin [6,[10][11][12][13][14][15]. Nevertheless some experimental conditions require long analysis times or can damage the analytical column in time owing to the acidic mobile phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of cannabinoids in fiber hemp plant varieties (Cannabis sativa L.) by high-performance liquid chromatography

et al. 1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of cannabinoids in fiber hemp plant varieties (Cannabis sativa L.) by high-performance liquid chromatography

et al. 1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In the case of milk, most commercially produced milk is subjected to pasteurisation prior to marketing and consumption, when it is exposed to temperatures typically between 62.8 °C (for 30 minutes in batch processes) and 71.7 °C (for 15 seconds for a continuous processes). Veress et al (1990) examined the rate of decarboxylation of cannabinoids from ground marijuana at temperatures between 80 °C and 145 °C over the time range of 0-60 minutes. The rate of decarboxylation at a temperature of 80 °C for up to one hour was very low.…”

Section: Feed and Food Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risks for human health related to the presence of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in milk and other food of animal origin

2015

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks for human health related to the presence of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in milk and other food of animal origin. THC, more precisely delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC) is derived from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. In fresh plant material, up to 90 % of total Δ 9 -THC is present as the non-psychoactive precursor Δ 9 -THC acid. Since few data on ∆ 9 -THC levels in foods of animal origin were available, the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) estimated acute human dietary exposure to ∆ 9 -THC combining different scenarios for the presence of ∆ 9 -THC in hemp seed-derived feed materials. Acute exposure to ∆ 9 -THC from the consumption of milk and dairy products ranged between 0.001 and 0.03 µg/kg body weight (b.w.) per day in adults, and 0.006 and 0.13 µg/kg b.w. per day in toddlers. From human data, the CONTAM Panel concluded that 2.5 mg Δ 9 -THC/day, corresponding to 0.036 mg Δ 9 -THC/kg b.w. per day, represents the lowest observed adverse effect level. By applying an overall uncertainty factor of 30, an acute reference dose (ARfD) of 1 μg Δ 9 -THC/kg b.w. was derived. The exposure estimates are at most 3 % and 13 % the ARfD, in adults and toddlers, respectively. The CONTAM Panel concluded that exposure to ∆ 9 -THC via consumption of milk and dairy products, resulting from the use of hemp seed-derived feed materials at the reported concentrations, is unlikely to pose a health concern. A risk assessment resulting from the use of whole hemp plant-derived feed materials is currently not feasible due to a lack of occurrence data. The CONTAM Panel could also not conclude on the possible risks to public health from exposure to ∆ 9 -THC via consumption of animal tissues and eggs, due to a lack of data on the potential transfer and fate of ∆ 9 -THC. Tetrahydrocannabinol, more precisely delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC) is the most relevant constituent derived from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. Four stereoisomers of Δ 9 -THC are possible, with (-)-trans-Δ 9 -THC being the only naturally occurring isomer. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, which is found in the growing and harvested plant, is the biosynthetic precursor of Δ 9 -THC. Besides 2-COOH-Δ 9 -THC, which in this opinion is referred to as Δ 9 -THCA-A, another positional isomer, 4-COOH-Δ 9 -THC, denoted as Δ 9-THCA-B, may also occur in the hemp plant. In fresh plant material of C. sativa, up to 90 % of the 'total' Δ 9 -THC is present as the non-psychoactive precursor Δ 9 -THCA-A. The rate and extent of transformation of the precursor acids into Δ 9 -THC in the plant material is dependent on physical effects, in particular temperature. In addition to Δ 9 -THC, C. sativa preparations may contain at least 60 other cannabinoids, several of which are biologically active. This risk assessment does not evaluate the exposure and associated risks of cannabis used as a medicinal drug or for recreational purposes, but as requested in the ter...

show abstract

“…The conditions for efficient decarboxylation should be maximizing the chemical and non-enzymatic process avoiding or minimizing oxidation in parallel (Veress et al 1990;Guy and Stott 2005). A number of solvents can be used to extract the cannabinoids, ranging from polar solvents such as methanol and ethanol, to the less polar solvents such as benzene, petroleum ether, and n-hexane.…”

Section: Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation and Breeding of Cannabis sativa L. for Preparation of Standardized Extracts for Medicinal Purposes

Farag

Kayser

2015

Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cannabis sativa L. (marijuana; Cannabaceae) is a plant with worldwide distribution, yielding fiber and food, as well as a psychoactive drug. Cannabinoids and in particular the main psychoactive Δ 9 -THC are promising substances for the development of new drugs and are of high therapeutic potential. This review gives an overview of Cannabis classification, the current verities, botanical features, genomics, chemicals constituents, cellular site and biosynthesis of cannabinoids. Furthermore, the different cultivation and breeding forms, changes in cannabinoids over time, method of harvesting, drying and processing of Cannabis are extensively described in addition to the analytical procedures for standardization of Cannabis based medicinal extracts. Finally, some aspects of current approved Cannabis based medicine and its ways of administration are described.

show abstract

Determination of cannabinoid acids by high-performance liquid chromatography of their neutral derivatives formed by thermal decarboxylation

Cited by 70 publications

References 6 publications

Analysis of cannabinoids in fiber hemp plant varieties (Cannabis sativa L.) by high-performance liquid chromatography

Analysis of cannabinoids in fiber hemp plant varieties (Cannabis sativa L.) by high-performance liquid chromatography

Scientific Opinion on the risks for human health related to the presence of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in milk and other food of animal origin

Cultivation and Breeding of Cannabis sativa L. for Preparation of Standardized Extracts for Medicinal Purposes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About