Determination of biomass content in combusted municipal waste and associated CO 2 emissions in Estonia

Moora, Harri; Roos, Inge; Kask, Ülo; Kask, Livia; Ounapuu, Kerlin

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.059

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The heating values of different waste fractions are presented in Table 3. The energy content or calorific values for different fractions of MSW is different but generally, the heating value of combustible MSW falls within the range of 7 MJ/kg to 12 MJ/kg (Moora et al, 2017). One more drawback of the diverse elements of waste composition is that it contains higher levels of nitrogen, sulfur, and ash as compared to other lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks.…”

Section: Suitable Waste Fractions For Wte Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Framework for the Selection of Suitable Waste to Energy Technologies for a Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management System

et al. 2021

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Municipal solid waste (MSW) generation has been escalated at a global scale and poses drastic impacts on the environment along with many socio-economic problems. Waste to energy (WtE) technologies have been recognized to convert MSW into useful energy and minimize the problems related to it. This study reviewed different WtE technologies according to the conversion pathways, end-products, and their applications, and assessed statistical values of these technologies based on six different factors, viz., environmental performance, suitable waste fractions, capital and operational cost, efficiency, and complexity of the technology, the skillset of the labor, and favorable geographical location for the plant. The results of this review showed that biochemical and physicochemical WtE technologies are more favorable to convert organic waste, while thermochemical WtE technologies are suitable to process combustible fractions of organic and inorganic MSW. Based on the statistical review of considered factors from the literature, the statistical profiles of concerned WtE technologies were observed. Finally, a general framework in the form of a systematic scheme was proposed for the selection of the most suitable WtE technologies for a sustainable MSW management system. The recommended indicators, methods, and models in the proposed framework were selected after a detailed review of the literature published in well-known scientific journals, and reports of leading international organizations such as the World Bank, International Energy Agency (IEA), and International Labour Organization (ILO). Moreover, the databases to extract the data for the estimation of various recommended indicators have also been presented.

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Section: Suitable Waste Fractions For Wte Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Framework for the Selection of Suitable Waste to Energy Technologies for a Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management System

et al. 2021

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“…The fossil carbon comes from petroleum-derived products such as plastics and synthetic textiles. Biogenic (biodegradable) carbon originates from vegetative and animal matter (e.g., food and yard waste, paper, and wood) (De la Cruz et al, 2013; Moora et al, 2017). The biogenic carbon that is not degraded is stored within the landfill.…”

Section: Methods For Determining L0mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for determining the methane generation potential and methane generation rate constant for the FOD model: a review

Park¹,

Chong²,

Tameda

et al. 2018

Waste Manag Res

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In the first order decay (FOD) model of landfill methane generation, the methane generation potential ( L) and methane generation rate constant ( k) for both bulk municipal solid waste (MSW) and individual waste components have been determined by a variety of approaches throughout various literature. Differences in the determination methods for L and k are related to differences in our understanding of the waste decomposition dynamics. A thorough understanding of the various available methods for determining L and k values is critical for comparative study and the drawing of valid conclusions. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on the available determining methods and the ranges for L and k values of both bulk MSW and individual waste components, while focusing on understanding the decomposition of waste, including the role of lignin. L estimates in the literature are highly variable and have been derived from theoretical stoichiometric calculations, laboratory experiments, or actual field measurements. The lignin concentration in waste is correlated with the fraction of total degradable organic carbon (DOC) that will actually anaerobically degrade in the landfill. The k value has been determined by precipitation rates, laboratory simulations, aged-defined waste sample, and model fitting or regression analysis using actual gas data. However, the lignin concentration does not correlate well with the k value, presumably due to the impact of lignin arrangement and structure on cellulose bioavailability and degradation rate. In sum, this review summarizes the literature on the measurement of L and k values, including the dynamics and decomposition of bulk MSW and individual waste components within landfills.

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“…When utilizing RDF in waste-to-energy plants or in industrial plants, such as cement works, only CO 2 of fossil origin is accounted for as climate relevant and therefore defines the actually mitigated CO 2 emissions (European Parliament, 2009). In practice, differentiating between biomass and fossil matter in the feedstock is associated with analytical challenges (Fellner & Rechberger, 2009, Hiromi Ariyaratne et al, 2014, Larsen et al, 2013, Moora et al, 2017, Muir et al, 2015, Schwarzböck et al, 2018a. Three methods are described in Standard EN ISO 21644: Manual Sorting (MS), Selective Dissolution Method (SDM), and Radiocarbon Method (14C-method).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Search of the Material Composition of Refuse-Derived Fuels by Means of Data Reconciliation and Graphical Representation

et al. 2023

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Differenciating between material fractions in refuse-derived fuels (RDF) is relevant to determining the climate relevance of RDF (fractions of biomass and fossil matter). This differentiation is associated with analytical challenges. A method was applied using balance equations, which contain the elemental composition (C, H, N, S, O) of the RDF and the sought for material fractions. For the first time this so-called adapted Balance Method (aBM) was applied to oil-contaminated RDF with the aim of not only distinguishing between biomass and fossil matter but between fossil matter from plastics and from oil-contamination as well. Thus, the balance equations and the following data reconciliation was adapted. It is shown that the balance method is based on mathematics that provides valuable insight far beyond the basic types of calculation since the calculation takes place in higher dimensions. It is also shown that the operation of the algorithm can be represented graphically in the lower third dimension. The mass of oil contamination as well as the mass of biogenic and fossil matter could be determined for the RDF considered. Problems concerning relatively high uncertainties still need to be solved due to the similar elemental composition of plastics and oil. However, it is shown that the aBM is capable of distinguishing between more than two material fractions in RDF, which the other available methods cannot and which can be relevant for greenhouse gas reporting but also for process control purposes.

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Determination of biomass content in combusted municipal waste and associated CO 2 emissions in Estonia

Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

A Framework for the Selection of Suitable Waste to Energy Technologies for a Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management System

A Framework for the Selection of Suitable Waste to Energy Technologies for a Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management System

Methods for determining the methane generation potential and methane generation rate constant for the FOD model: a review

In Search of the Material Composition of Refuse-Derived Fuels by Means of Data Reconciliation and Graphical Representation

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