Determination of Aromatic Amines in Urine using Extraction and Chromatographic Analysis: A Minireview

Hui, Boon Yih; Zain, Nur Nadhirah Mohamad; Mohamad, Sharifah; Fauzi, Hafizuddin Mohamed; Alias, Yatimah; Chandrasekaram, Kumuthini; Rahim, Nurul Yani; Yahaya, Noorfatimah; Raoov, Muggundha

doi:10.1080/00032719.2019.1636057

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Because the intake of substances during smoking varies depending on the individual smoking topography [ 32 ], and the amount of DNA and protein adducts is typically extremely small [ 33 ], this study focuses on urine samples. There, not only free aromatic amines can be found but also their metabolites, such as N-acetylaryl-amine, N-glucuronide arylamine, or hemoglobin and DNA adducts, which can be hydrolyzed and converted back to the free aromatic amines [ 14 , 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of gas chromatographic techniques for the analysis of iodinated derivatives of aromatic amines

2023

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Some aromatic amines (AA) have been classified as carcinogens to humans. After entering the body, mainly through tobacco smoke, they can be detected in urine. Thus, their trace analysis as biomarkers in biofluids is of high relevance and can be achieved with gas chromatography (GC–MS), usually after derivatization. This study compares three gas chromatographic methods for the analysis of ten iodinated derivatives of AA: GC–MS in single-ion monitoring (SIM) mode with (1) electron ionization (GC-EI-MS) and (2) negative chemical ionization (GC-NCI-MS), and (3) GC-EI-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using electron ionization. All methods and most analytes showed good coefficients of determination (R2 > 0.99) for broad linear ranges covering three to five orders of magnitude in the picogram-per-liter to nanogram-per-liter range, with one and two exceptions for (1) and (2) respectively. Excellent limits of detection (LODs) of 9–50, 3.0–7.3, and 0.9–3.9 pg/L were observed for (1), (2), and (3) respectively, and good precision was achieved (intra-day repeatability < 15% and inter-day repeatability < 20% for most techniques and concentration levels). On average, recoveries between 80 and 104% were observed for all techniques. Urine samples of smokers and non-smokers were successfully analyzed, and p-toluidine and 2-chloroaniline could be found at significantly (α = 0.05) higher concentrations among smokers. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of gas chromatographic techniques for the analysis of iodinated derivatives of aromatic amines

2023

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“…Therefore, environmental and biological monitoring of these compounds as a complement to occupational exposure assessment is essential due to the mentioned risks 5 . Many studies have been performed on the determination of these compounds in the metabolized and non-metabolized forms in biological fluids such as plasma, milk, and urine [6][7][8][9] . But, the evaluation of the non-metabolized form of chemicals is usually preferred due to specific biomarkers of non-metabolized forms and the probability presence of other metabolites from various substances in the urine [10][11][12][13] .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the trace level of aromatic amines in the urine causes problems in the diagnosis and determination process and monitoring of these samples seems to be a cumbersome process in adopting a system for headspace sampling. Therefore, developing a versatile monitoring procedure for accurate sampling and enrichment in a single run before the chromatographic section is still necessary by modification of current methods 9,14 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Urinary bio-monitoring of aromatic amine derivatives by new needle trap device packed with the multi-component adsorbent

Rahimpoor

Murtada

Firoozichahak

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Aromatic amines are a large group of chemical compounds that have attracted the attention of researchers due to their toxicity and carcinogenicity. This study aimed to develop an efficient method for sampling and analysis of aromatic amines (Aniline, N, N-dimethylaniline, 2-chloroaniline, and 3-chloroaniline) from the vapour phase (headspace) of urine samples. For the implementation of this plan, a needle trap device packed with the three-component adsorbent consisting of nano-Hydroxy Apatite (nHA), Zeolite (Ze), and Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) equipped with GC-FID was employed for the first phase. Examination of the prepared adsorbents was performed by FT-IR, PXRD, and FE-SEM techniques. The optimal value of considerable parameters such as time and temperature of extraction, salt content, and pH were established using the Response Surface Methodology-Central Composite Design (RMS-CCD) method. In this way, the optimal extraction of targeted analytes was accomplished in 41 min at 41 °C with NaCl content of 33.0% (w/v) and pH: 13.0, respectively. Also, the repeatability and reproducibility of the method were calculated to be in the range of 2.2–7.1% and 3.9–8.1%, respectively, which indicates the acceptable precision of the method. Also, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined in the range of 0.3–32.0 ng.L−1 and 0.8–350.0 ng.L−1, respectively, which proves the high sensitivity of the proposed method. Furthermore, the recovery percent of the extracted analytes was concluded in the range of 97.0–99.0% after 6 and 30 days of the sampling and storage at 25 °C and 4 °C, respectively. Finally, the designed procedure was employed in the analysis of the above-mentioned aromatic amines in the real urine samples. The achieved results illustrate that the three-component absorbent system (nHA;Ze;MOF@NTD) can be introduced as an efficient, fast-response, sensitive, and versatile procedure for trace analysis of the different aromatic amine compounds in public and occupational health.

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“…| MICROEXTRACTION TECHNIQUES IN BIOLOGICAL MATRICES 4.1 | Solid-phase miroextractionThe principle of microextraction techniques is to perform extraction of specific compounds from a very small amount of sample requiring minimal or no use of organic solvents. Several microextraction modes have been developed for different types of applications and fields, and one of them is SPME(Dias et al, 2020).Solid-phase microextraction was introduced in 1990 by Arthur and Pawliszyn to simplify the sample preparation steps(Yih Hui et al, 2019). It can be divided into two different types according to the position of the fibers during the extraction: headspace SPME (HS-SPME) and direct immersion SPME (DI-SPME)(Ferreira et al, 2019);Roszkowska et al, 2018; Figure 2.…”

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Recent applications of microextraction sample preparation techniques in biological samples analysis

Daryanavard

Zolfaghari

Abdel-Rehim

et al. 2021

Biomedical Chromatography

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Analysis of biological samples is affected by interfering substances with chemical properties similar to those of the target analytes, such as drugs. Biological samples such as whole blood, plasma, serum, urine and saliva must be properly processed for separation, purification, enrichment and chemical modification to meet the requirements of the analytical instruments. This causes the sample preparation stage to be of undeniable importance in the analysis of such samples through methods such as microextraction techniques. The scope of this review will cover a comprehensive summary of available literature data on microextraction techniques playing a key role for analytical purposes, methods of their implementation in common biological samples, and finally, the most recent examples of application of microextraction techniques in preconcentration of analytes from urine, blood and saliva samples. The objectives and merits of each microextration technique are carefully described in detail with respect to the nature of the biological samples. This review presents the most recent and innovative work published on microextraction application in common biological samples, mostly focused on original studies reported from 2017 to date. The main sections of this review comprise an introduction to the microextraction techniques supported by recent application studies involving quantitative and qualitative results and summaries of the most significant, recently published applications of microextracion methods in biological samples. This article considers recent applications of several microextraction techniques in the field of sample preparation for biological samples including urine, blood and saliva, with consideration for extraction techniques, sample preparation and instrumental detection systems.

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Determination of Aromatic Amines in Urine using Extraction and Chromatographic Analysis: A Minireview

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Comparison of gas chromatographic techniques for the analysis of iodinated derivatives of aromatic amines

Comparison of gas chromatographic techniques for the analysis of iodinated derivatives of aromatic amines

Urinary bio-monitoring of aromatic amine derivatives by new needle trap device packed with the multi-component adsorbent

Recent applications of microextraction sample preparation techniques in biological samples analysis

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