Determination of antimony(III) and (V) in natural water by cathodic stripping voltammetry with in-situ plated bismuth film electrode

Abstract

A method is described for the sequential determination of Sb(III) and Sb(V) using Osteryoung square wave cathodic stripping voltammetry. It employs an in-situ plated bismuth-film on edge-plane graphite substrate as the working electrode. Selective electro-deposition of Sb(III)/Sb(V) is accomplished by applying a potential of-500 mV vs Ag/AgCl, this followed by reduction to stibine at a more negative potential in the stripping step. Stripping was carried out by applying a square wave waveform between-500 and-1400 mV to the antimony deposited. The stripping peak current at-1150 mV is proportional to the concentration of Sb(III)/Sb(V). The calibration plots for Sb(III) were linear up to 12.0 µg L-1 depending on the time of deposition. The calibration plots for Sb(V) were linear up to 7.0 µg L-1 , also depending on the time of deposition. The relative standard deviation in the determination of 0.1 µg L-1 of Sb(III) is 4.0% (n = 5), and the limit of detection is as low as 2 ng L-1. In case of 0.1 µg L-1 Sb(V), the relative standard deviation is 3.0% (n = 5) and the detection limit also is 2 ng L-1. The method was applied to the analysis of river water and of sea water samples.

A Decade with Bismuth‐Based Electrodes in Electroanalysis

“…Popular determinations of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) are now demonstrated on the samples of natural or industrially treated waters [168,171,174,178,180], wine [169], canned food [186], and -for the latter -in seawater [184], gun-shot residues [167], or in monitoring of possible leakage from traditional ceramic cookware [185]. Further metal ions and species then are: Tl(I) in spiked model solutions [191], Sn(II) in canned fruit juices [188], Sb(V/III) in river and seawater [189], Co(II) in river water [175], Cr(VI) in dissolved polypropylene and sewerage [181], Ti(IV) in model solutions [173], V(V) in river water [179], and Te(IV) in natural water [187]. Finally, analytes of organic and biological origin are again of minor concern, represented by a series of herbicides (Metamitron, Metribuzin, Maleic Hydrazide, and Atrazine [165]), or pharmaceuticals from the family of aminosalycilate drugs (Sulfasalazine and Olsalazine [182]).…”

Sequential voltammetric determination of chromium, thallium, cadmium, lead, copper and antimony in saline hemodialysis concentrates using electrolyte pH gradient

“…Therefore, antimony in its free form was assayed ( Figure 3D) by scanning the potential over the range from -300 to 0 mV (E peak = -140 mV). Additionally, the peak overlapping between copper and antimony, as found in low salinity water samples, 33,35 was not observed herein. This phenomenon was due to the anticipation of the copper signal caused by the high chloride concentration of the saline hemodialysis samples.…”

“…Indeed, the voltammetric response of antimony related to Sb(III) and Sb(V) exhibits a well-known dependence on the acidity conditions and chloride content of the supporting electrolyte. [32][33][34] The stripping signal of Sb(V) became observable at high hydrochloric acid concentrations (ca. 4 mol L -1 ), as well as by the proper setting of HCl-NaCl mixtures containing less concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions.…”

Construção e aplicação de um minissensor de filme de bismuto utilizando materiais de baixo custo para determinações voltamétricas in loco

“…Os trabalhos recentes na literatura relatam o uso de BiFEs principalmente para a determinação de metais, 7-14 como a determinação de Zn(II) em amostras de secreção de pâncreas, 15 especiação de Sb(III) e Sb(V) em águas naturais 16 e Pb(II) e Zn(II) em cabelo humano. 9 Além disso, a determinação de pesticidas, 17 aditivos em alimentos 18 e outros analitos orgânicos utilizando BiFEs também foi descrita.…”