Determination of Antibiotic Efficacy against
            <i>Bacillus anthracis</i>
            in a Mouse Aerosol Challenge Model

Heine, Henry S.; Bassett, Jennifer; Miller, Loren M.; Hartings, Justin M.; Ivins, Bruce E.; Pitt, M. Louise M.; Fritz, David L.; Norris, Sarah L.; Byrne, William R.

doi:10.1128/aac.01050-06

Cited by 70 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Variations in median lethal dose and time to death postexposure are described for several mouse strains (A/J, C57BL, BALB/c, and Swiss Webster). 38 Not surprisingly, the A/J mouse is the most susceptible, with the shortest time to death: 2.2 days. The BALB/c mouse is the least susceptible, with a time to death of 3.3 days.…”

Section: Mouse Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those mice with intermediate susceptibility include C57BL/6. 38,47,64,65 The A/J mouse is also susceptible to attenuated forms of B anthracis. 36,47,64,65 Some mouse strains have been shown to display variability in sensitivity to LT and ET per se.…”

Section: Mouse Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hepatic degeneration and necrosis (ischemia) associated with clusters of bacilli plugging the sinusoids occur rarely. 38 Mouse models have been valuable in determining early pathogenesis, how the agent establishes infection in the host, and characteristics of the spore and vegetative bacilli.…”

Section: Mouse Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…38,47,64 There are highly resistant strains of mice, such as the BALB/c strain, and highly susceptible mice, such as the A/J and DBA/2J strains. Those mice with intermediate susceptibility include C57BL/6.…”

Section: Mouse Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Pathology of Inhalational Anthrax Animal Models

Twenhafel

2010

Vet Pathol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anthrax is a lethal disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. There are three principal forms of the disease in humanscutaneous, gastrointestinal, and inhalational-depending on the route of exposure. Of these, inhalational anthrax is the most dangerous; it is rapidly fatal; and it has been used as a deadly biological warfare agent in the last decade. Suitable animal models of inhalational anthrax have been utilized to study pathogenesis of disease, investigate bacterial characteristics such as virulence, and test effectiveness of vaccines and therapeutics. To date, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, and nonhuman primates are the principal animal species used to study inhalational anthrax. Mice are valuable in studying early pathogenesis and bacterial characteristics. Few pathologic changes occur in the mouse models but may include marked bacteremia and lymphocyte destruction in the spleen and mediastinal lymph nodes. Rabbits and guinea pigs rapidly develop fulminate systemic disease, and pathologic findings often include necrotizing lymphadenitis; splenitis; pneumonia; vasculitis; and hemorrhage, congestion, and edema in multiple tissues. Nonhuman primates consistently develop the full range of classic lesions of human inhalational anthrax, including meningitis; lymphadenitis; splenitis; mediastinitis; pneumonia; vasculitis; and hemorrhage, congestion, and edema in multiple tissues. This review focuses on basic characteristics of the bacterium and its products, key aspects of pathogenesis, and the pathologic changes commonly observed in each animal model species.

show abstract

Section: Mouse Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mouse Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mouse Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mouse Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pathology of Inhalational Anthrax Animal Models

Twenhafel

2010

Vet Pathol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Measuring the activity of daptomycin against B anthracis B anthracis AP422 vegetative cells and spores were prepared as described previously [16] . The vegetative cell and spore preparations had purity >98% and were used at concentrations of 4×10 6 CFU/mL and 1×10 6 spores/mL, respectively.…”

Section: Antibiotic Susceptibility Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Daptomycin exerts rapid bactericidal activity against Bacillus anthracis without disrupting membrane integrity

Xing

Wang

Dai³

et al. 2013

Acta Pharmacol Sin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aim: To examine whether the novel cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic daptomycin could be used to treat anthrax and to study the mechanisms underlying its bactericidal action against Bacillus anthracis. Methods: Spore-forming B anthracis AP422 was tested. MIC values of antibiotics were determined. Cell membrane potential was measured using flow cytometric assays with membrane potential-sensitive fluorescent dyes. Cell membrane integrity was detected using To-Pro-3 iodide staining and transmission electron microscopy. K + efflux and Na + influx were measured using the fluorescent probes PBFI and SBFI-AM, respectively. Results: Daptomycin exhibited rapid bactericidal activity against vegetative B anthracis with a MIC value of 0.78 μg/mL, which was comparable to those of ciprofloxacin and penicillin G. Furthermore, daptomycin prevented the germinated spores from growing into vegetative bacteria. Daptomycin concentration-dependently dissipated the membrane potential of B anthracis and caused K + efflux and Na + influx without disrupting membrane integrity. In contrast, both ciprofloxacin and penicillin G did not change the membrane potential of vegetative bacteria or spores. Penicillin G disrupted membrane integrity of B anthracis, whereas ciprofloxacin had no such effect. Conclusion: Daptomycin exerts rapid bactericidal action against B anthracis via reducing membrane potential without disrupting membrane integrity. This antibiotic can be used as an alternate therapy for B anthracis infections.

show abstract