Determination of amphetamine-type stimulants in oral fluid by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

The authors observed that oral administration of FEN resulted in significant amounts of FEN and AMP in oral fluid, showing that oral fluid could be a biological matrix suitable for pharmacokinetic studies for both analytes. Using a compartmental approach, FEN data were best fitted by 1-compartment model with first-order input and output, whereas AMP followed a 2-compartment model with first-order input and output.

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“…The methodology used for sample preparation and analysis was previously validated by our research group 38 and is described below.…”

Section: Sample Extraction and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fenproporex and Amphetamine Pharmacokinetics in Oral Fluid After Controlled Oral Administration of Fenproporex

Comiran

Souza

Boehl

et al. 2012

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

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“…Amphetamines and related compounds have usually been extracted from urine samples by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [17][18][19], supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) [20], solid-phase extraction (SPE) [21,22], and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) [23][24][25]. However, there are several disadvantages of conventional extraction procedures such as LLE and SPE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-phase extraction followed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the sensitive determination of ecstasy compounds and amphetamines in biological samples

Mashayekhi¹,

Rezaee²,

Khalilian³

2014

Bull. Chem. Soc. Eth.

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ABSTRACT. A novel approach for the determination of ecstasy and amphetamines (3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) and 3,4-methylenedioxypropylamphetamine (MDPA)) in biological samples is presented. The analytes were extracted from the matrix and transferred to a small volume of a high density, water insoluble solvent using solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). This combination not only resulted in a high enrichment factor, but also it could be used in complex matrices (biological samples). Some important extraction parameters, such as sample solution flow rate, sample pH, type and volume of extraction and disperser solvents as well as the salt addition, were studied and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration graphs were linear in the range of 0.5-500 µg L -1 and 1.0-500 µg L -1 with detection limits in the range of 0.1-0.3 µg L -1 and 0.2-0.7 µg L -1 in urine and plasma samples, respectively. The results showed that SPE-DLLME is a suitable method for the determination of ecstasy components and amphetamines in biological and water samples.

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“…Amphetamine (AM) is a synthetic central nervous system (CNS) stimulant and is classified as an illicit drug in most countries . The growing trend of AM consumption is of great concern worldwide . Toxic effects of amphetamine abuse in the CNS, and the heart, liver, and kidney have been reported …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of a novel polymeric magnetic solid phase extraction adsorbent for selective extraction of amphetamine from urine samples coupled with high performance liquid chromatography

Taghvimi

Ghorbani

Hamishehkar

2017

Drug Testing and Analysis

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A novel pH-responsive block copolymer (Poly ethylene glycol-b-poly (N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate-co-maleic acid) was designed for the decoration and stabilization of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as an efficient magnetic nano adsorbent for extraction of amphetamine (AM) from biological urine samples to be determined by high performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet detector (HPLC-UV). Full characterization of the synthesized polymeric magnetic nanoparticles (PMNPs) were followed by various techniques like Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Important extraction parameters including pH, amount of sample volume, amount of adsorbent, type and amount of extraction organic solvent, time of extraction and desorption, agitation rate (rpm), and ionic strength of the extraction medium were studied and optimized. Under optimized extraction conditions, good linearity was observed in the concentration range of 30-2000 ng/mL for AM. The amount of the q was calculated as 0.18 (mg/g). The method was applied in determination of AM from positive urine samples with the recovery of 99.84%. Results indicated that the proposed method could be applied in clinical and forensic laboratories for simple, selective, and fast determination of AM from urine samples.

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Determination of amphetamine-type stimulants in oral fluid by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

Cited by 48 publications

References 40 publications

Fenproporex and Amphetamine Pharmacokinetics in Oral Fluid After Controlled Oral Administration of Fenproporex

Fenproporex and Amphetamine Pharmacokinetics in Oral Fluid After Controlled Oral Administration of Fenproporex

Solid-phase extraction followed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the sensitive determination of ecstasy compounds and amphetamines in biological samples

Synthesis of a novel polymeric magnetic solid phase extraction adsorbent for selective extraction of amphetamine from urine samples coupled with high performance liquid chromatography

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