Determination of Altosid Insect Growth Regulator in Waters, Soils, Plants, and Animals by Gas-Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

Residues of isopropyl (2E,4E)-ll-methoxy-3, 7,1 l-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate (Altosid®) insect growth regulator are determined in waters, soils, plants, milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, poultry and cattle tissues, blood, urine, and feces. Acetonitrile is the primary extraction solvent for all samples. Residues are extracted by high-speed blending followed by vacuum filtration. Fatty extracts are subjected to cold-temperature precipitation and filtration. Samples are cleaned up by petroleum ether partitioning and Florisil and neutral alumina chromatography. The concentrated eluants are analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) on columns of differing polarity, using hydrogen flame ionization detectors. The identity of suspected residues is confirmed by additional GLC and by mass fragmentography. The lower limits of detection were: water samples, 0.0004–0.001 ppm; soils, blood, and urine, 0.001 ppm; forage grasses, forage legumes, and rice foliage, 0.005 ppm; and milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, poultry and cattle tissues, and feces, 0.010 ppm.

Determination of the insect growth regulator methoprene in wheat grain and milling fractions using an enzyme immunoassay

“…A variety of solvents have been used for the extraction of methoprene from grain and other plant materials, including acetone (Miller et al, 1975), ether (Rowlands, 1976), and petroleum ether (Mian and Mulla, 1983) as well as methanol, acetonitrile, or hexane (Turnbull and Youssef, unpublished data). Direct analysis of extracts by EIA requires use of solvents that are miscible with water and (at low concentrations) nondenaturing to proteins such as antibodies.…”

“…Nonetheless, addition of BSA or HSA made the assay now sufficiently sensitive for acetonitrile to be used as an extractant for grain analysis. The addition may enable better analysis of leaf crops in which acetonitrile is the preferred extractant, such as tobacco (Miller et al, 1975).…”

“…the compound be directly applied to the foodstuff (Snelson, 1987). A variety of methods have been used for methoprene analysis including gas chromatography of acetone extracts of tobacco, soil, meats, water, and forage (Miller et al, 1975; Dunham and Miller, 1978) or of petroleum ether extracts of grain (Mian and Mulla, 1983) or size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Chamberlain, 1985). In the case of grain, hexane extracts have been used (Turnbull and Youssef, personal communication).…”

Insect growth regulators and insect control: a critical appraisal.

“…Predictably, residues of methoprene tend to be vanishingly small, and the development of comprehensive methods for determination of these residues posed considerable problems. These methods have been published in detail (32) and reviewed recently (12). Compounding the problem of low to nondetectable residues is the absence from methoprene of elements which would allow the use of selective element-sensitive detectors; further, its chromatographic properties are extremely similar to those of several natural products.…”

Validation of an enzyme immunoassay for analysis of methoprene residues on tobacco

“…Many methods for detecting methoprene from various matrices have been developed. These methods include gas-liquid chromatography (GC) (Schaefer and Dupras, 1973;Miller et al, 1975;Kortvelyessy et al, 1984), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Chamberlin, 1935;Heckman and Conner, 1989;Allen and Dickinson, 1990), and an infrared spectrophotometric procedure (Giang and Jaffe, 1980).…”