Determination of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using a filter/adsorber combination

Niehaus, Reinhard; Scheulen, B.; Dürbeck, H. W.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(90)90221-f

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Background air concentrations of PAH reported at remote sites are 1-2 orders of magnitude lower: the Swedish background air concentration for XPAH"=i5 has been established at 2.5-11 ng nr3 (mean = 4.1 ng nr3) (10). Niehaus et al (11) found nonurban levels for 2PAH"=i6 of 0.1-10 ng nr3 in Germany. Continental background air was measured at 3.8 ng nr 3 for 2PAH"=i3 by Baker and Eisenreich (12).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

PAHs in Air Adjacent to Two Inland Water Bodies

Gardner¹,

Hewitt²,

Jones³

1995

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

PAHs in Air Adjacent to Two Inland Water Bodies

Gardner¹,

Hewitt²,

Jones³

1995

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Foam plugs were extracted separately with methanol using a special squeezing apparatus (Niehaus et al, 1990); extracts were reduced to 5 to 10 mL using a rotary evaporator and further concentrated using a nitrogen gas blowdown. Soil samples, glass fiber filters, and XAD cartridges were extracted with methanol in a Soxhlet apparatus for 16 h. Radioactivity of extracts was determined by liquid scintillation counting (LSC) (TRI‐CARB 2500; Canberra Packard).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide Volatilization from Soil

Wolters¹,

Linnemann²,

Herbst³

et al. 2003

J of Env Quality

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A comparison was drawn between model predictions and experimentally determined volatilization rates to evaluate the volatilization approaches of European registration models. Volatilization rates of pesticides (14C-labeled parathion-methyl, fenpropimorph, and terbuthylazine and nonlabeled chlorpyrifos) were determined in a wind-tunnel experiment after simultaneous soil surface application on Gleyic Cambisol. Both continuous air sampling, which quantifies volatile losses of 14C-organic compounds and 14CO2 separately, and the detection of soil residues allow for a mass balance of radioactivity of the 14C-labeled pesticides. Recoveries were found to be > 94% of the applied radioactivity. The following descending order of cumulative volatilization was observed: chlorpyrifos > parathion-methyl > terbuthylazine > fenpropimorph. Due to its high air-water partitioning coefficient, nonlabeled chlorpyrifos was found to have the highest cumulative volatilization (44.4%) over the course of the experiment. Volatilization flux rates were measured up to 993 microg m(-2) h(-1) during the first hours after application. Parameterization of the Pesticide Emission Assessment at Regional and Local Scales (PEARL) model and the Pesticide Leaching Model (PELMO) was performed to mirror the experimental boundary conditions. In general, model predictions deviated markedly from measured volatilization rates and showed limitations of current volatilization models, such as the uppermost compartment thickness, making an enormous influence on predicted volatilization losses. Experimental findings revealed soil moisture to be an important factor influencing volatilization from soil, yet its influence was not reflected by the model calculations. Future versions of PEARL and PELMO ought to include improved descriptions of aerodynamic resistances and soil moisture dependent soil-air partitioning coefficients.

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“…The polyurethane foam plugs and the leaf samples were both extracted with a mixture of acetone and tertbutylmethylether (1:1, v/v). The polyurethane foam plugs were extracted with 500 ml by compression rinsing according to Niehaus et al (1990) and the leaf samples with 70 ml using a homogeniser (Ultra-Turrax, Janke and Kunkel Ltd. Staufen, Germany). Then all organic extracts were dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated to near dryness using a rotary evaporator (40°C, 250 mbar).…”

Section: Plant Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Short- and Long-Term Response of Sunflower to Airborne Bromoxynil-Octanoate Under Controlled and Field Conditions

2005

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Wind tunnel studies and a field study were conducted to investigate the impact of the airborne herbicide bromoxynil-octanoate on non-target plants. Sunflowers at the two-leaf stage were used as test plants and exposed for 24 h in a wind tunnel to a range of concentrations of airborne bromoxynil-octanoate. Quantum yield of electron transport at Photosystem II (phiPSII) of exposed leaves and leaves developed after exposure, plant height, days to flower and head diameter were used to determine the short- and long-term response of sunflowers to bromoxynil-octanoate. Quantum yield of exposed leaves and of the second leaf pair, determined 1 h and 2 days after exposure, was reduced at concentrations >0.449 and >1.159 microg/m3, respectively, but no effects on further leaf pairs developed after exposure were observed. Growth parameters were partly affected when exposed to >1.448 microg/m3. In a field study a maize plot was treated with bromoxynil-octanoate and parathion-methyl, used as a tracer compound. Afterwards, potted sunflowers were placed inside the maize plot and at different distances (2, 4, 8 and 16 m) from the treated plot. The highest concentrations of bromoxynil-octanoate and parathion-methyl collected in air samples at a distance of 8 m outside of the treated plot were 0.100 and 0.055 microg/m3, respectively. Little of the breakdown product bromoxynil phenol was detected in the air. Detectable concentrations of bromoxynil-octanoate and bromoxynil phenol were found only in a few leaf samples, whereas parathion-methyl was detected in almost 50% of the leaf samples up to 16 m from the treated plot. Quantum yield and growth of sunflower were not affected due to low concentrations of bromoxynil-octanoate in the air.

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Determination of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using a filter/adsorber combination

Cited by 27 publications

References 14 publications

PAHs in Air Adjacent to Two Inland Water Bodies

PAHs in Air Adjacent to Two Inland Water Bodies

Pesticide Volatilization from Soil

Short- and Long-Term Response of Sunflower to Airborne Bromoxynil-Octanoate Under Controlled and Field Conditions

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