Determination of acidic drugs in sewage water by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry as tert.-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives

Rodrı́guez, I.; Quintana, José Benito; Carpinteiro, J.; Carro, A.M.; Lorenzo, R.A.; Cela, R.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01528-5

Cited by 161 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Studies have shown that 14 % of consumed ibuprofen does not undergo change (Daughton and Ternes 1999). Almost every water sample taken within Europe is reported to have detectable levels of this active substance, because it is very frequently prescribed and its use is pervasive (Andreozzi et al 2003;Rodriguez et al 2003). Less than 1 % of the diclofenac compound is excreted from the body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Determination of Single and Mixture Toxicity at High Concentrations of Some Acidic Pharmaceuticals via Aliivibrio fischeri

Dökmeci

İbar

2014

Environ. Process.

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Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) may cause serious and significant environmental pollution. Environmental analyses have detected pharmaceuticals in addition to conventional chemical pollutants. In our study, the acute toxicity of ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, salicylic acid and substances that are mixtures themselves (INDS) on Aliivibrio fischeri bacterium were assessed with the use of ToxAlert ® . The selected materials are acidic in nature, highly polarized and widely sold over-the-counter analgesics. Doseresponse curves were drawn, and linear regression analyses and probit analyses determined their 50 %-effective concentrations (EC 50 ). The pharmaceuticals alone are unlikely to have acute impacts in aquatic environments. However, when evaluated in combination with A. fischeri bacterium, the acute toxicity of the INDS mixture was EC 50 7.09±5.1 mg/L and the acute toxicity of TUs was 14.10, which indicates their very toxic quality for organisms. Since the target components do not exist in isolation, we should primarily consider the toxicity of the mixture only at high concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Determination of Single and Mixture Toxicity at High Concentrations of Some Acidic Pharmaceuticals via Aliivibrio fischeri

Dökmeci

İbar

2014

Environ. Process.

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“…41 In the last few years, knowledge regarding the environmental occurrence of pharmaceuticals has increased to a large extent due to the rapid development of analytical techniques able to determine polar pharmaceutical compounds even at trace and ultra trace concentrations. 4,[42][43][44][45][46][47] Different sources account for the appearance of these compounds in the aquatic environment. Currently it is accepted that the main sources for drugs in the environment are STP effluents.…”

Section: Environmental Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent research data on the removal of pharmaceuticals from sewage treatment plants (STP)

Tambosi¹,

Yamanaka²,

José³

et al. 2010

Quím. Nova

127

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Recebido em 12/12/08; aceito em 24/7/09; publicado na web em 8/1/10 Pharmaceutical compounds have been detected in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents, surface waters and, less frequently, in groundwater and drinking water, all over the world. Different sources are responsible for their appearance in the aquatic environment, however, it is widely accepted that the main sources of this type of pollutant are STP effluents. The adverse effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment include aquatic toxicity, development of resistance in pathogenic bacteria, genotoxicity and endocrine disruption. Thus, the discharge of these compounds to the environment in STP effluents should be minimized.

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“…For the analysis of PPCPs sample extraction based on Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) or Solid Phase MicroExtraction (SPME) was used as pre-concentration technique prior to their quantitative determination. Liquid or Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS or GC-MS, respectively) was used for the final quantification [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Compound C (µG/l) Compound C (µG/l)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in a conventional activated sludge treatment process

Suárez

Omil

Lema

2010

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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The fate and behaviour of 16 Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs), including fragrances, hormones and medicines with different physico-chemical properties, was assessed during a conventional biological wastewater treatment process in a denitrifying/nitrifying pilot plant. The reactor was fed with a synthetic mixture that reproduced the chemical characteristics of a medium charged urban wastewater with an average composition of 500 mg/L of COD, 40 mg/L of N-NH 4 + and 8 mg/L of P-PO 4 -3 . Selected PPCPs were spiked to this feed at concentrations between 10 and 40 μg/L. The pilot plant has been operated continuously for three years under stable conditions. The occurrence of PPCPs along the different compartments of the pilot plant was determined in a first step by measuring their concentrations in the liquid phase. This was further complemented with detailed mass balances in which the most relevant removal mechanisms during biological treatment have been included (volatilisation, sorption and degradation).The lowest removal efficiencies were obtained for carbamazepine, diazepam and diclofenac, whereas the highest transformations (>80%) were achieved for fragrances, fluoxetine, ibuprofen, naproxen and natural estrogens. Sorption has shown to play an important role in the biotransformation of musk compounds, which had previously shown not to be easily biodegraded, probably by enhancing their retention inside the pilot plant. The removal of the fragrance celestolide was additionally influenced by volatilisation in the aerobic, which supposed up to 45% of its overall elimination. The SRT of the plant had only an effect on the transformation degree of compounds with a significant sorption potential. The positive effect of operating at warmer temperatures was only significant for two antibiotics, for which an increase in their transformation degree of around 30% was determined.

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Determination of acidic drugs in sewage water by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry as tert.-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives

Cited by 161 publications

References 15 publications

The Determination of Single and Mixture Toxicity at High Concentrations of Some Acidic Pharmaceuticals via Aliivibrio fischeri

The Determination of Single and Mixture Toxicity at High Concentrations of Some Acidic Pharmaceuticals via Aliivibrio fischeri

Recent research data on the removal of pharmaceuticals from sewage treatment plants (STP)

Fate and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in a conventional activated sludge treatment process

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