The solubility of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid in 13 solvents
(methanol,
ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, 2-butanol, i-butanol, n-pentanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, and acetonitrile)
was tested by gravimetry from 283.15 to 323.15 K under atmospheric
pressure. The results showed that the solubility of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic
acid increased with the increasing temperature in all pure solvents.
Besides, the experimental solubility results of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic
acid was fitted with thermodynamic equations like modified Apelblat
equation, van’t Hoff equation, λh equation
and the nonrandom two liquid equation. The results of average relative
deviation, root-mean-square deviation, and coefficient of determination
showed that the modified Apelblat equation correlates best of all
models. Moreover, solvent effects and density functional theory (DFT)
were introduced to demonstrate the dissolution properties of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic
acid in the above solvents. At last, the dissolution process of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic
acid in selected solvents was spontaneous according to the results
of the mixing Gibbs free energy change (Δmix
G).