Determination of 105 antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic agents and tranquilizers by LC-MS/MS based on an acidic QuEChERS-like extraction

Abstract

A procedure for screening 105 veterinary drugs in foods by liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is presented. Its scope encompasses raw materials of animal origin (milk, meat, fish, egg and fat) but also related processed ingredients and finished products commonly used and manufactured by food business operators. Due to the complexity of the matrices considered and to efficiently deal with losses during extraction and matrix effects during MS source ionisation, each sample was analysed twice, that is 'unspiked' and 'spiked at the screening target concentration' using a QuEChERS-like extraction. The entire procedure was validated according to the European Community Reference Laboratories Residues Guidelines. False-negative and false-positive rates were below 5% for all veterinary drugs whatever the food matrix. Effectiveness of the procedure was further demonstrated through participation to five proficiency tests and its ruggedness demonstrated in quality control operations by a second laboratory.

Challenges and future directions in LC-MS-based multiclass method development for the quantification of food contaminants

“…In addition, most determinations are able to be performed without derivatization with LC-MS/ MS, manifesting it as the preferred combination for residue analysis [19]. The extended use of this instrumentation led to numerous multi-compound methods in the area of mycotoxin, pesticide, and veterinary drug analysis [7][8][9][10][11][12]. However, the first comprehensive method combining several substance classes within one analytical procedure was designed by Mol et al in the year 2008 [20].…”

“…The limiting factor is based on the number of contemporary transitions as well as on the lowest possible dwell times (t Dwell ), as the number of data points per peak and the acquisition or cycle time (t Cycle ) is defined by this parameter. In order to increase the number of detectable compounds (< 500 analytes) and to ensure an appropriate amount of t Dwell (≥ 10 msec) and data points per peak (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15), data acquisition has to be performed following a scheduled reaction monitoring (sMRM) algorithm. Within sMRM, each analyte is measured within a predefined time window (t Window ) reflecting the expected retention time [34].…”

Levels of Alternaria Toxins in Selected Food Commodities Including Green Coffee

“…Applicability of the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Efficient, Rugged and Safe) approach for the analysis of Alternaria toxins was considered in parallel since already validated elsewhere [8,9,25]. This approach is faster, user friendly, cost efficient, and already used in many laboratories dealing with chemical contaminants analysis, e.g., mycotoxins, veterinary drugs, pesticides [26][27][28][29]. Our protocol encompasses an initial extraction of the analytes with a mixture of water, acetonitrile, and formic acid (50/50/0.1, v/v/v), followed by a liquid-liquid partition using salt mixtures.…”

Use of Micellar Liquid Chromatography to Determine Mebendazole in Dairy Products and Breeding Waste from Bovine Animals

“…Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) have been established by Food Safety and Standard Authority of India (FSSAI 2018), European Union (EU 2010), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/ World Health Organization (WHO) (Codex Alimentarius Commission, 2015), and some other regulatory agencies for certain products of animal origin, such as milk, meat, etc. [7]. More specifically, the anthelmintic MBZ (Figure 1), for which the logarithm of the partition coefficient octanol/water (log Po/w) is 2.8 and the pKa of its protonated form is 6.6 [8], has been classified as "Not for use in animals from which milk is produced for human consumption" and thus should not be found in milk, milk-derived products, and farming wastes [9].…”