Determination and identification of hydrophilic and hydrophobic arsenic species in methanol extract of fresh cod liver by RP-HPLC with simultaneous ICP-MS and ESI-Q-TOF-MS detection

A study of lipid- and water-soluble arsenic species in liver of Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) containing high levels of total arsenic

“…A range of AsFAs and AsHCs have been identified in oil of both canned and fresh cod liver [16,19,[29][30][31]. Large variations in the proportion of arsenolipids were reported for cod liver, ranging from 25 to 77% of the total arsenic present [19,30]. The total arsenic concentrations in the samples studied were 2.6 and 3.3 mg/kg dry weight (dw), respectively [30].…”

“…The lipid-soluble arsenic species is a group of compounds also referred to as arsenolipids, and these compounds are major arsenic species present in the lipid or oily fractions of marine organisms [7]. Four groups of arsenolipids (Table 1) have so far been identified in marine samples; the arsenosugar-phospholipids (As-sugPLs) [11][12][13], the arseniccontaining hydrocarbons (AsHCs) [12][13][14][15], the arsenic-containing fatty acids (AsFAs) [13,[16][17][18][19][20] and the cationic trimethylarsenio fatty alcohols (TMFAsOHs) [15].…”

“…Although over 40 species of arsenolipids have been identified in marine samples [11][12][13][15][16][17][18][19][20] there is still limited knowledge regarding their distribution, abundance, metabolism and potential toxicity, as well as the origin of arsenolipids. The lipid-soluble species have been suggested to be biotransformation products formed by primary producers through successive methylation and reduction of inorganic arsenic [21].…”

“…The AsHCs, first identified in capelin oil, were subsequently also linked to fatty acids [14]. A range of AsFAs and AsHCs have been identified in oil of both canned and fresh cod liver [16,19,[29][30][31]. Large variations in the proportion of arsenolipids were reported for cod liver, ranging from 25 to 77% of the total arsenic present [19,30].…”

Advanced Mass Spectrometry

“…ICP-TOF Multielement analysis of food and beverages [57] QqTOF Ni speciation in tea infusions [62] ICP-TOF Arsenic species in methanolic extracts of cod liver [63] ICP-MS Analysis of heavy metal content in Indocalamus tessellatus samples [56] LC-TOF Simultaneous determination of B complex vitamins in nutritional yeast [64] MALDI-TOF Monitoring of barley starch amylolysis [65] LC-TOF Determination of free and bound phenolic compounds in buckwheat spaghetti. Effect of thermal processing [66] LC-TOF Analysis of pesticides in fruits and vegetables [67] GC-TOF Quantitative analysis of acetaldehyde in foods consumed [68] LC-TOF Screening natural antioxidants in peanut shell [69] UHPLC-TOF Hexabromocyclododecane diastereomers [70] Type Application References UHPLC-TOF 19 antibiotics in dairy products [71] MALDI-TOF Microscale strategy to detect spermine and spermidine in food [72] LC-TOF Determination of phthalates in edible salts from food markets in Korea [73] LC-QqTOF Simultaneous determination five major antioxidant compounds [74] MALDI-TOF Monitoring of she-donkey's milk contamination or adulteration [75] MALDI-TOF Quantitating curcumin in food condiments and dietary supplements and screening of acrylamide-induced ROS protein indicators [76] LC-QqTOF Quantitating curcumin in food condiments and dietary supplements and screening of acrylamide-induced ROS protein indicators [45] UHPLC-TOF Analysis of illicit dietary supplements sold in the Italian market: Identification of a sildenafil thioderivative as adulterant [46] LC-TOF Simultaneous investigation of sesquiterpenes, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and N-oxides in butterbur (Petasites hybridus) [77] UHPLC-QqTOF Determination of 141 pesticides in tea [78] UHPLC-QqTOF Determination of tadalafil and N-desmethylsibutramine in health and dietary supplements [79] LC-QqTOF Seven fluorescent whitening agents in food contact paper package materials [80] Lipidomics GC × GC-TOF Unsaponifiable fraction of lipids belonging to various types of milk [22] UHPLC-QqTOF Rapid and highly accurate detection of steryl glycoside [81] MALDI-TOF Rapid lipid profiling of bacteria [82] MALDI-TOF Detection of glycated phosph...…”