Determinants of the European Union’s Trade - evidence from a panel estimation of the gravity model

Trade Dynamics in the Italian Floriculture Sector within EU Borders: A Gravity Model Analysis

“…(Pietrzak and Łapińska, 2015). In order to obtain data related to EU member states' domestic consumption, firstly we summed up import and production and then we subtracted exports.…”

Country-Specific Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade in Pharmaceuticals: The Case of Poland and Its European Union Partners

“…They are usually measured by the size of their GDP. The size of economies is recognized as a key determinant in the development of turnover in the gravity models of trade (see, for example, Anderson, 1979;Bergstrand, 1985;Pietrzak & Łapińska, 2014Pietrzak & Łapińska, , 2015Cieślik & Michałek, 2018;Szczepaniak, 2018). The bigger the trading partners' economies, the more intensive trade exchange, including intra-industry trade.…”

“…Ekanayake (2001) and Łapińska (2016) show that they signifi cantly support the development of intra-industry trade. Empirical research (see, for instance, Leitão, 2011;Łapińska, 2014) also shows that imbalance of trading countries' trade balance has an adverse effect on the intensity of intraindustry trade. If trade exchange between two countries is not balanced, then the intensity of intra-industry trade cannot reach the maximum value.…”

Technological Potential of European Economy. Proposition of Measurement with Application of Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis

“…Current literature devoted to the influence of international trade on growth creation confirms that dominant role in international trade is attributed to the exchange of technologically advanced and knowledge-based products among the countries that are characterized by relatively close technological level. High value added is mostly reached in intra-industry trade in the case of technologically advanced economies (Pietrzak & Łapińska, 2015;Łapińska, 2016;Stefaniak-Kopoboru & Kuczewska 2016).…”