Determinants of spread in an urban landscape by an introduced lizard

Kolbe, Jason J.; Vanmiddlesworth, Paul Stanley; Battles, Andrew C.; Stroud, James T.; Buffum, Bill; Forman, Richard T. T.; Losos, Jonathan B.

doi:10.1007/s10980-016-0362-1

Cited by 66 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, the natural sites that A. sagrei occupies, Barnes and Montgomery, seem more favorable to A. cristatellus than for A. sagrei (Table ) . If A. cristatellus is ever transported to these natural sites or expands its distribution to include them, we predict that A. sagrei would be out‐competed and displaced by A. cristatellus, which is better suited thermally for these forested areas (Kolbe et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anolis cristatellus is native to Puerto Rico and was first documented in Miami in the mid‐1970s (Bartlett & Bartlett, ; Kolbe et al, ; Powell, Henderson, Adler, & Dundee, ; Wilson & Porras, ). In contrast to the nearly ubiquitous A. sagrei , the distribution of A. cristatellus is more restricted, radiating out from two independent points of introductions (Kolbe et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because abiotic factors (e.g., temperature) play a major role in invasion success (Menke & Holway, ), when the thermal qualities of an urban area benefit an introduced species, such as those that prefer warmer conditions, urbanization may facilitate their spread (Menke et al, ; Piano et al, ). Alternatively, urban temperatures may exceed thermal tolerances, which may preclude introduced ectotherms from establishing in portions of urban habitats (Kolbe et al, ). Because invasive species can cause environmental damage and economic losses, understanding the mechanisms behind their spread and persistence is critical (Zenni & Nuñez, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Miami heat: Urban heat islands influence the thermal suitability of habitats for ectotherms

Battles

Kolbe

2018

Global Change Biology

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The urban heat island effect, where urban areas exhibit higher temperatures than less‐developed suburban and natural habitats, occurs in cities across the globe and is well understood from a physical perspective and at broad spatial scales. However, very little is known about how thermal variation caused by urbanization influences the ability of organisms to live in cities. Ectotherms are sensitive to environmental changes that affect thermal conditions, and therefore, increased urban temperatures may pose significant challenges to thermoregulation and alter temperature‐dependent activity. To evaluate whether these changes to the thermal environment affect the persistence and dispersal of ectothermic species in urban areas, we studied two species of Anolis lizards (Anolis cristatellus and Anolis sagrei) introduced to Miami‐Dade County, FL, USA, where they occur in both urban and natural habitats. We calculated canopy openness and measured operative temperature (Te), which estimates the distribution of body temperatures in a non‐thermoregulating population, in four urban and four natural sites. We also captured lizards throughout the day and recorded their internal body temperature (Tb). We found that urban areas had more open canopies and higher Te compared to natural habitats. Laboratory trials showed that A. cristatellus preferred lower temperatures than A. sagrei. Urban sites currently occupied by each species appear to lower thermoregulatory costs for both species, but only A. sagreihad field Tb that were more often within their preferred temperature range in urban habitats compared to natural areas. Furthermore, based on available Te within each species' preferred temperature range, urban sites with only A. sagrei appear less suitable for A. cristatellus, whereas natural sites with only A. cristatellus are less suitable for A. sagrei. These results highlight how the thermal properties of urban areas contribute to patterns of persistence and dispersal, particularly relevant for studying species invasions worldwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Miami heat: Urban heat islands influence the thermal suitability of habitats for ectotherms

Battles

Kolbe

2018

Global Change Biology

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“…, Kolbe et al. , Stroud ). In this study, we capitalize on one of these natural experiments to investigate the range dynamics, assembly patterns, and ecological organization of novel communities of nonnative Caribbean Anolis lizards (anoles) in Bermuda.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ecological character displacement alters the outcome of priority effects during community assembly

Stroud

Giery

Outerbridge

et al. 2019

Ecology

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Character displacement may facilitate species coexistence through niche partitioning. However, the degree to which character displacement influences broader patterns of community assembly is unclear. Here, we capitalize on a natural experiment of community assembly on the oceanic island of Bermuda. Over the past century, three species of ecologically similar but distantly related Anolis lizards have been introduced to Bermuda where no Anolis has ever naturally existed. The Jamaican anole (A. grahami) arrived first in 1905 and dispersed rapidly across the island. Five decades later, the Antiguan anole (A. leachii) and the Barbadian anole (A. extremus) were introduced to independent locations. In 1991, A. leachii and A. extremus were observed to nearly meet at a contact zone, but not yet to coexist. We record that subsequent range expansion at this contact zone has been asymmetrical; A. leachii invaded the range of A. extremus, but reciprocal invasion by A. extremus has not occurred. When in allopatry in Bermuda, both species occupy identical ecological space. However, A. leachii underwent rapid ecological character displacement to use arboreal habitat when invading the range of A. extremus. These findings highlight how character displacement may influence the process of dispersal and drive patterns of coexistence and community assembly.

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“…), invasion biology (Kolbe et al. ; Kahrl & Cox, ), functional morphology (Kolbe, ; Winchell et al. ) and evolutionary biology (Williams, ; Losos, ; Gunderson et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic scaling patterns of lizard skin surface structure as revealed by gel‐based stereo‐profilometry

Baeckens

Wainwright

Weaver³

et al. 2019

Journal of Anatomy

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The skin surface structure of squamate reptiles varies greatly among species, likely because it plays a key role in a range of tasks, such as camouflage, locomotion, self‐cleaning, mitigation of water loss and protection from physical damage. Although we have foundational knowledge about squamate skin morphology, we still know remarkably little about how intraspecific variation in skin surface structure translates to functional variation. This gap in our understanding can be in part traced back to: (i) our lack of knowledge on how body size determines skin surface structure; and (ii) the lack of means to perform high‐throughput and detailed analysis of the three‐dimensional (3D) anatomy of reptilian skin surfaces in a non‐destructive manner. To fill this gap, we explored the possibilities of a new imaging technique, termed gel‐based stereo‐profilometry, to visualize and quantify the 3D topography of reptilian skin surface structure. Using this novel approach, we investigated intra‐specific and intra‐individual variation in the skin surface morphology of a focal lizard species, Anolis cristatellus. We assessed how various characteristics of surface topography (roughness, skew and kurtosis) and scale morphology (area, height, width and shape) scale with body size across different body regions. Based on an ontogenetic series of A. cristatellus males, we show that skin roughness increases with body size. Skin patches on the ventral body region of lizards were rougher than on the dorsum, but this was a consequence of ventral scales being larger than dorsal scales. Dorsal surface skew and kurtosis varied with body size, but surfaces on the ventral skin showed no such relationship. Scale size scaled isometrically with body size, and while ventral scales differed in shape from dorsal scales, scale shape did not change with ontogeny. Overall, this study demonstrates that gel‐based stereo‐profilometry is a promising method to rapidly assess the 3D surface structure of reptilian skin at the microscopic level. Additionally, our findings of the explanatory power of body size on skin surface diversity provide a foundation for future studies to disentangle the relationships among morphological, functional and ecological diversity in squamate reptile skin surfaces.

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Determinants of spread in an urban landscape by an introduced lizard

Cited by 66 publications

References 71 publications

Miami heat: Urban heat islands influence the thermal suitability of habitats for ectotherms

Miami heat: Urban heat islands influence the thermal suitability of habitats for ectotherms

Ecological character displacement alters the outcome of priority effects during community assembly

Ontogenetic scaling patterns of lizard skin surface structure as revealed by gel‐based stereo‐profilometry

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