Ecological character displacement alters the outcome of priority effects during community assembly

Stroud, James T.; Giery, Sean T.; Outerbridge, Mark E.; Feeley, Kenneth J.

doi:10.1002/ecy.2727

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…For instance, we do not consider how selection at the level of individuals could drive the ecological divergence of local populations (i.e. character displacement) (Brown & Wilson, 1956; Stroud et al, 2019) nor do we allow for increasing niche specialisation in response to competition. To some extent, our species‐level model may capture the effects of selection for divergent niches, because species with similar ecological niches suffer greater extinction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priority effects and the macroevolutionary dynamics of biodiversity

2021

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Priority effects can play a fundamental role in the assembly of ecological communities, but how they shape the dynamics of biodiversity over macroevolutionary timescales remains unclear. Here we develop and analyse a metacommunity model combining local priority effects with niche evolution, speciation and extinction. We show that by promoting the persistence of rare species, local priority effects cause the evolution of higher metacommunity diversity as well as major disparities in richness among evolutionary lineages. However, we also show how classic macroevolutionary patterns of niche incumbency—whereby rates of regional diversification and invasion slow down as ecological niches are filled—do not depend on local priority effects, arising even when invading species continuously displace residents. Together, these results clarify the connection between local priority effects and the filling of ecological niche space, and reveal how the impact of species arrival order on competition fundamentally shapes the generation and maintenance of biodiversity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priority effects and the macroevolutionary dynamics of biodiversity

2021

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“…As a general rule, niche contraction of a species as a result of exposure to a threat is expected to restrict the niche to areas where the threat impact is reduced, often in relation to environmental heterogeneity, and thus to areas where the competitive ability of the species is maintained (Scheele et al 2017). Similarly, niche shift or ecological character displacement, has been described as a process facilitating coexistence in recently encountered species with initial similar niche, through niche partitioning (Stroud et al 2019).…”

Section: The History Of Powdery Mildew In Europe Revisitedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidden invasion and niche contraction revealed by herbaria specimens in the fungal complex causing oak powdery mildew in Europe

et al. 2020

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Deciphering the dynamics involved in past microbial invasions has proven difficult due to the inconspicuous nature of microbes and their still poorly known diversity and biogeography. Here we focus on powdery mildew, a common disease of oaks which emerged in Europe at the beginning of the twentieth century and for which three closely related Erysiphe species are mainly involved. The study of herbaria samples combined with an experimental approach of interactions between Erysiphe species led us to revisit the history of this multiple invasion. Contrary to what was previously thought, herbaria sample analyses very strongly suggested that the currently dominant species, E. alphitoides, was not the species which caused the first outbreaks and was described as a new species at that time. Instead, E. quercicola was shown to be present since the early dates of disease reports and to be widespread all over Europe in the beginning of the twentieth century. E. alphitoides spread and became progressively dominant during the second half of the twentieth century while E. quercicola was constrained to the southern part of its initial range, corresponding to its current distribution. A competition experiment provided a potential explanation of this over-invasion by demonstrating that E. alphitoides had a slight advantage over E. quercicola by its ability to infect leaves during a longer period during shoot development. Our study is exemplary of invasions with complexes of functionally similar species, emphasizing that subtle differences in the biology of the species, rather than strong competitive effects may explain patterns of over-invasion and niche contraction.

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“…The degree of niche differentiation could be predicted by the interplay between the relative strength of convergent selection of shared environments and divergent selection due to interspecific competition . In areas of sympatry, coexisting species with similar traits could compete for limited resources, leading to ecological competitive exclusion (Hardin, 1960;MacArthur & Levins, 1967) or ecological character displacement (Brown & Wilson, 1956;Koski & Ashman, 2016;Stroud et al, 2019). In contrast, in more extreme habitats under shared convergent selection pressure, species that co-occur might occupy November 2021 | Volume 59 | Issue 6 | 1244-1255 © 2020 Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences similar niches due to environmental filtering or ecological sorting (He et al, 2006;Cavender-Bares et al, 2009;Mammola et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint effect of phylogenetic relatedness and trait selection on the elevational distribution of Rhododendron species

Zou

Luo

Burgess

et al. 2020

J of Sytematics Evolution

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Congeneric species may coexist at fine spatial scales through niche differentiation, however, the magnitude to which the effects of functional traits and phylogenetic relatedness contribute to their distribution along elevational gradients remains understudied. To test the hypothesis that trait and elevational range overlap can affect local speciesʼ coexistence, we first compared phylogenetic relatedness and trait (including morphological traits and leaf elements) divergence among closely related species of Rhododendron L. on Yulong Mountain, China. We then assessed relationships between the overlap of multiple functional traits and the degree of elevational range overlap among species pairs in a phylogenetic context. We found that phylogeny was a good predictor for most functional traits, where closely related species showed higher trait similarity and occupied different elevational niches at our study site. Species pairs of R. subgen. Hymenanthes (Blume) K. Koch showed low elevational range overlap and some species pairs of R. subgen. Rhododendron showed obvious niche differentiation. Trait divergence is greater for species in R. subgen. Rhododendron, and it plays an important role between species pairs with low elevational range overlap. Trait convergent selection takes place between cooccurring closely related species that have high elevational range overlap, which share more functional trait space due to environmental filtering or ecological adaptation in more extreme habitats. Our results highlight the importance of evolutionary history and trait selection for species coexistence at fine ecological scales along environmental gradients.

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Ecological character displacement alters the outcome of priority effects during community assembly

Cited by 16 publications

References 68 publications

Priority effects and the macroevolutionary dynamics of biodiversity

Priority effects and the macroevolutionary dynamics of biodiversity

Hidden invasion and niche contraction revealed by herbaria specimens in the fungal complex causing oak powdery mildew in Europe

Joint effect of phylogenetic relatedness and trait selection on the elevational distribution of Rhododendron species

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