“…Moreover, in reviewing 25 years of QM literature, Dhalgaard-Park et al (2013) discovered that although concepts such as TQM had been labelled a management fad, and have led to a declining number of published works, publications on other QM concepts such as JIT and Lean are trending upwards. Dhalgaard-Park et al (2013) concluded that the study of QM has matured whereby research had shifted away from TQM to focus on tools, techniques, determinants of establishing positive quality-performance relationships (Abdullah and Tari, 2012;Agarwal et al, 2013;Gutierrez Gutierrez et al, 2012;Pinho, 2008) and improving measurement systems (Camacho-Minano et al, 2013;Garengo, 2009;Lobo et al, 2012;Lockamy III, 1998). In this respect, research into QM has taken on horizontal and vertical dimensions, where horizontal movement has seen a broadening of QM's conceptual framework and applicability; while vertical movement has seen investigations into deeper meanings of quality and firm behaviour (Dhalgaard-Park et al, 2013).…”