Determinants of High Fasting Insulin and Insulin Resistance Among Overweight/Obese Adolescents

Ling, Jerri Chiu Yun; Mohamed, Mohd Nahar Azmi; Jalaludin, Muhammad Yazid; Rampal, Sanjay; Zaharan, Nur Lisa; Mohamed, Zahurin

doi:10.1038/srep36270

Cited by 32 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Other studies reported these difference among obese males and females to be not significant. [34,35] However, our results show that the prevalence of abnormal plasma glucose 2 hours after the performance of oral glucose tolerance test did not reveal significant differences between boys and girls. Another larger cross-sectional study found significantly higher prevalence of elevated blood glucose in participants with severe obesity.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Children and Adolescents

Kostovski¹,

Gucev²,

Tasić³

et al. 2018

Prilozi

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Background: Obesity is the most common chronic metabolic disease in children and adolescents. It has reached epidemic ranges and is a significant global problem. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the possible metabolic disturbances in children and adolescents with obesity and severe obesity. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study included 158 (82 boys, 76 girls) obese children and adolescents between ages of 0 and 17years (10.43 ± 3.11 years). The obesity was defined according to the sex- and age-specific growth charts proposed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as BMI ≥ 95th percentile. Severe obesity was classified as 120% of the 95th percentile for age and sex. Study participants underwent medical assessment and analysis of: ALT, AST, fasting serum triglycerides, total serum cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose and plasma glucose from oral glucose tolerance test. Results: The majority of study participants were severely obese (69.92%). The highest distribution of abnormal biochemical results was seen in elevated ALT (53.91%) followed by elevated triglycerides (34.75%). The prevalence of abnormal total cholesterol level was significantly higher (p=0.04) in the group of obese children compared to the severely obese children. The levels of total cholesterol were also statistically higher in the group of adolescents compared to preadolescents (p=0.02). An important number of obese patients (2.5%) and even higher number of severely obese patients (5.26%) had carbohydrate intolerance. Conclusion: There was a significant elevation of ALT, total serum cholesterol and triglycerides in all study participants. High serum lipids and high hepatic enzymes (as introduction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) are alarming. Strikingly, there was carbohydrate intolerance in an important number of patients. Treatment and education of patients and parents is mandatory. Preventive measures in the society concerning childhood obesity are necessary.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 70%

Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Children and Adolescents

Kostovski¹,

Gucev²,

Tasić³

et al. 2018

Prilozi

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“…The benefit of reducing excess adiposity in youth to prevent T2D is supported by prospective studies that demonstrate BMI in childhood predicts incident T2D in adulthood whereas youth with obesity who are able to normalize their weight in adulthood exhibit similar T2D risk profiles as adults who never had obesity . Body fat is strongly associated with insulin resistance and beta‐cell dysfunction among adolescents . Further, greater accumulation of abdominal fat is associated with a decline in metabolic health, specifically greater visceral adipose tissue is associated with reduction in beta‐cell function and higher trunk fat is correlated with insulin resistance .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex as a moderator of body composition following a randomized controlled lifestyle intervention among Latino youth with obesity

et al. 2020

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Background: Body composition differences between males and females emerge during adolescence and continue throughout adulthood; however, whether sex moderates body composition changes in adolescents with obesity after an intervention is unknown.Objective: To examine sex as a moderator of changes in adiposity following lifestyle intervention.Methods: A total of 136 Latino youth with obesity (BMI% 98.2 ± 1.3) aged 14 to 16 years old were randomized to either a 12-week lifestyle intervention (27 males/40 females) or control (35 males/34 females) group. The intervention included nutrition education (1 h/wk) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (3 h/wk). Anthropometric data (body mass index [BMI], BMI%, waist circumference, total body fat, and fatfree mass) were obtained pre-and post-intervention. Sex differences were examined by general linear models with significance determined at P < .05 for the F-statistic.Results: Sex did not moderate changes in BMI (F 1,115 = 0.01, P = .9), BMI% (F 1,115 = 0.14, P = .7), or waist circumference (F 1,117 = 1.1, P = .3). Sex significantly moderated changes in body fat percent (F 1,117 = 5.3, P = .02), fat mass (F 1,116 = 4.5, P = .04), and fat-free mass (F 1,116 = 4.3, P = .04). Intervention males compared with females had greater relative reductions in fat percent (−4.1 ± 0.8% vs −1.2 ± 0.7%, P = .02) and fat mass (−5.0 ± 1.1 kg vs −1.5 ± 0.9 kg, P = .02) and gained more fat free mass (3.6 ± 0.9 kg vs 0.5 ± 0.8 kg, P = .02) when compared with same sex controls.Conclusion: Males and females exhibited a differential response to lifestyle intervention for percent fat, fat mass, and fat-free mass indicating that sex-specific improvements in body composition favours males over females. K E Y W O R D Sadolescents, body fat percent, fat mass, lean mass, sexual dimorphism Abbreviations: bioelectrical impedance analysis, BIA; body mass index percentile, BMI%; body mass index, BMI; pubertal development status, PDS; type 2 diabetes, T2D.

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“…In adults, CRF is regarded as a predictor of general mortality and it is negatively correlated with hypertension and diabetes [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Low CRF in young people is related e.g., to obesity, which increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases [14] and metabolic syndrome characteristics [15,16]. Studies have also revealed that improved CRF leads to better health results regardless of body mass index (BMI) [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Modeling of VO2max Based on 20 m Shuttle Run Test for Young Healthy People

Przednówek¹,

Barabasz²,

Zadarko-Domaradzka³

et al. 2018

Applied Sciences

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This study presents mathematical models for predicting VO2max based on a 20 m shuttle run and anthropometric parameters. The research was conducted with data provided by 308 young healthy people (aged 20.6 ± 1.6). The research group includes 154 females (aged 20.3 ± 1.2) and 154 males (aged 20.8 ± 1.8). Twenty-four variables were used to build the models, including one dependent variable and 23 independent variables. The predictive methods of analysis include: the classical model of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression, regularized methods such as ridge regression and Lasso regression, artificial neural networks such as the multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) network. All models were calculated in R software (version 3.5.0, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). The study also involved variable selection methods (Lasso and stepwise regressions) to identify optimum predictors for the analysed study group. In order to compare and choose the best model, leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) was used. The paper presents three types of models: for females, males and the whole group. An analysis has revealed that the models for females ( RMSE C V = 4.07 mL·kg−1·min−1) are characterised by a smaller degree of error as compared to male models ( RMSE C V = 5.30 mL·kg−1·min−1). The model accounting for sex generated an error level of RMSE C V = 4.78 mL·kg−1·min−1.

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Determinants of High Fasting Insulin and Insulin Resistance Among Overweight/Obese Adolescents

Cited by 32 publications

References 44 publications

Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Children and Adolescents

Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Children and Adolescents

Sex as a moderator of body composition following a randomized controlled lifestyle intervention among Latino youth with obesity

Predictive Modeling of VO2max Based on 20 m Shuttle Run Test for Young Healthy People

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