Determinants of female entrepreneurship in Spain: an institutional approach

Abstract

Artículo de publicación ISIThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the factors that influence female entrepreneurship in Spain, using institutional economics as the theoretical framework. The empirical research uses Spanish regional-level panel data (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and National Statistics Institute of Spain) covering the period 2003-2010. The main findings indicate that informal factors (recognition of entrepreneurial career and female networks) are more relevant for female entrepreneurship than formal factors (education, family context and differential of income level). The research contributes both theoretically (advancing knowledge with respect to environmental factors that affect female entrepreneurship), and practically (for the design of support policies and educational programmes to foster female entrepreneurial activity).Spanish Ministry of Economy & Competitiveness, Economy & Knowledge Department-Catalan Government

The influence of perceived management skills and perceived gender discrimination in launch decisions by women entrepreneurs

“…The negative influence of personal problems on women's entrepreneurial careers is well established in the literature (Welsh et al 2014a, b). For example, work-family conflict is often an obstacle to women succeeding as entrepreneurs (Brana 2013;Noguera et al 2015;Sullivan and Meek 2012;Tlaiss 2014;Ufuk and Őzgen 2001). Family duties constitute some of the most important issues affecting women entrepreneurial activities, particularly in the context of developing countries (Hahn and Nayir 2013;Halkias et al 2011;Itani et al 2011;Jennings and Brush 2013;McGowan et al 2012;Ramadani 2015).…”

“…One of the key ways in which entrepreneurs can compensate for limited resources when starting a new business is to make use of their social networks (Jones and Jayawarna 2010;Urbano et al 2014). Networks play an important role in the survival and success of women-owned businesses (Apergis and Pekka-Economou 2010;Berrou and Combarnous 2012;Carter 2000;Estrin and Mickiewicz 2011;Gray and Finley-Hervey 2005;Kwong et al 2012;Lans et al 2015;Noguera et al 2015;Ramadani 2015;Tlaiss 2014); especially for acquiring financial resources and knowledge (Lerner et al 1997;Miller et al 2011;Prasad et al 2013;Sullivan and Meek 2012). Support from social networks was measured at two levels: (1) when such support was acknowledged, and (0) when it was not acknowledged, based on types of networks mentioned (women's professional groups, community organizations, social groups, and/or close friends).…”

Study of female entrepreneurship: an empirical evidence in the Municipality of León in Nicaragua

“…They showed significant values in their influential role on the variable role model in the social context, which shows that women entrepreneurs do not come from business households and the vast majority, do not have an early contact in the business world. This characteristic allows us to verify statements (Gibb, 1987), that family history plays a determining role in learning when making a decision to start a business and in many cases entrepreneurs require more personal than operational support at the corporate level (Noguera et al, 2015). Consequently, the H3 hypothesis is also accepted.…”

“…The influence of an individual from the part of parents and/or people with a degree of closeness and affection is explained by mechanisms of social learning theory, in many cases, more personal than operational support is required at the enterprise level (Noguera, Alvarez, Merigo, & Urbano, 2015).…”

Análisis semiparametrico de los factores asociados a la sostenibilidad de los emprendimientos

“…Para terminar esta sección, Noguera, et al (2015) concluyen que los factores informales como la carrera emprendedora y las redes de relaciones tienen una mayor influencia en la actividad emprendedora por encima de los factores formales como la educación, el contexto familiar y el diferencial en los niveles de ingresos…”