Determinants of Excessive Screen Time among Children under Five Years Old in Selangor, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Raj, Diana; Zulkefli, NorAfiah Mohd.; Shariff, Zalilah Mohd; Ahmad, Norliza

doi:10.3390/ijerph19063560

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Generally, parents play three key roles in young children’s digital usage, as facilitators, teachers, and gatekeepers [ 74 ]. Parents’ digital usage and their perception and mediation of young children’s digital usage jointly influence young children’s digital use and well-being [ 75 ]. First, parental digital usage affects young children’s digital usage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scoping Review of Digital Well-Being in Early Childhood: Definitions, Measurements, Contributors, and Interventions

Cao

2023

IJERPH

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Digital well-being concerns the balanced and healthy use of digital technology, and the existing studies in this area have focused on adolescents and adults. However, young children are more vulnerable to digital overuse and addiction than adults; thus, their digital well-being deserves empirical exploration. In this scoping review, we synthesized and evaluated 35 collected studies on young children’s digital use and their associated well-being that were published up to October of 2022 to understand the related definitions, measurements, contributors, and interventions. The synthesis of the evidence revealed that (1) there was no consensus about the definition of the concept of digital well-being; (2) there were no effective ways of measuring young children’s digital well-being; (3) both child factors (the duration and place of digital use, as well as the child’s demographic characteristics) and parent factors (digital use, parental perception, and mediation) contribute to young children’s well-being; and (4) there were some effective applications and digital interventions reported in the reviewed studies. This review contributes to the development of this concept by mapping the existing research on young children’s digital well-being, as well as proposing a model and identifying the research gaps for future studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Scoping Review of Digital Well-Being in Early Childhood: Definitions, Measurements, Contributors, and Interventions

Cao

2023

IJERPH

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“…Excessive screen time in preschool children is associated with delay in speech development, lack of physical activity, obesity, attention deficit and hyperactivity, and decrease in cognitive functions (21)(22)(23). A rise in screen time has been observed in preschool children during the coronavirus pandemic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship of Screen Exposure with Sleep Quality and Self-Regulation Skills in Preschool Children

ÖZDEMİR¹,

Keleş²

2023

Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg

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Objective: We aimed to investigate possible links between screen time, self-regulation skills and sleep quality in preschool children. Material and Methods: The study was carried out with 140 mothers with 4-6 years old children who visited the family medicine outpatient clinic between March and May 2022. Children’s age, gender, existing chronic diseases, the most used technological product, purpose of use, time and duration were recorded. Children’s sleep habits were evaluated with the “Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ)”, and their self-regulation skills were evaluated with the “Self-Regulation Skills Scale for 4-6 Years-Old Children(Mother Form)(SrSS)”. Results: The median age of the children in our study was 60 (48-72) months. 75/140 of the participants were girls. The most used technological product at home was the smartphone (48.2%). 64% of the participants reported less than 2 hours screen time, 21.6% of them reported between 2-4 hours and 14.4% of them reported over 4 hours. Educational status of mothers (p=0.003) and fathers (p<0.001) of those with a lot of screen exposure was lower. Delay in falling asleep score, one of the CSHQ subscales, was higher in those with screen exposure over 4 hours (p<0.001). Self-regulation skills scale total score (p=0.001), attention (p=0.014), inhibitory control-emotion (p=0.004), and inhibitory control-behavior (p=0.029) sub-scale scores were lower in children with longer screen time. Conclusion: Excessive screen exposure in preschool children is associated with delay in falling asleep and low self-regulation skills.

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“…We found that two factors contributed to school-age children’s screen time, with the largest coefficient of quantification of the number of electronic items in the home, followed by parental screen time. A parental screen time greater than 2 h per day was the determining factor for children’s screen time [ 43 ]. A study in Fiji found that approximately 24% believed there was no negative impact on children due to screen time and more than half (56%) of the parents (or caregiver guardians) thought that screen time for children below the age of 2 years actually has positive consequences on children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Family Environment on the Scientific Fitness Literacy of Preschool and School Children in China: A National Cross-Sectional Study

Pan

Wang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Scientific fitness literacy (SFL) is a holistic concept based on physical literacy but has a smaller scope and is more specific to exercise and scientific fitness. We developed an instrument to assess SFL and explored the differences and similarities in the effects of the home environment on children’s SFL. Data from a nationwide stratified random sample of children were analyzed using multiple linear regression. SFL scores were significantly lower for preschoolers than for school-age children. The family environment has an impact throughout the preschool and school years, with school-age children’s SFL being less influenced by family members than preschool children; screen time has a negative impact on their SFL but reducing the number of electronic devices and increasing parental physical activity and modeling can alleviate its impact. The economic status of the family is crucial, with sports consumption expenditure and household sports equipment ownership being favourable factors for children’s SFL. Positive parental attitudes and sporting habits have a positive impact on their children’s SFL. The findings of this study can be used to improve children’s SFL in the home environment and to take effective measures to avoid the risk factors.

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Determinants of Excessive Screen Time among Children under Five Years Old in Selangor, Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Cited by 17 publications

References 40 publications

A Scoping Review of Digital Well-Being in Early Childhood: Definitions, Measurements, Contributors, and Interventions

A Scoping Review of Digital Well-Being in Early Childhood: Definitions, Measurements, Contributors, and Interventions

The Relationship of Screen Exposure with Sleep Quality and Self-Regulation Skills in Preschool Children

Influence of Family Environment on the Scientific Fitness Literacy of Preschool and School Children in China: A National Cross-Sectional Study

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