Determinants of Atherosclerosis Progression and Regression

Brooks, Samuel H.

doi:10.1001/archsurg.1978.01370130077013

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…In disorders of lipid metabolism and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), xanthomas appear in the Achilles tendon. Tendinous xanthoma can be a clinical sign that manifests early in the disease's progression [ 2 , 3 ]. Xanthomas are comprised of monocyte-derived foam cells and lipids [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achilles Tendon Softness and Thickness in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia

Murugan¹,

Kanakaraju²,

Sidesh³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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BackgroundHypercholesterolemia is a condition where blood levels of cholesterol are high. It is of two types: The first type is familial hypercholesterolemia, which is hereditary, and the second one is due to diseases like diabetes, thyroid, etc. Achilles tendon xanthomas are noted in both types of hypercholesterolemia, which can be used as an indicator that predicts early cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study is to estimate the Achilles tendon thickness (ATT) and softness among hypercholesterolemia patients and to find the correlation between ATT and total cholesterol. MethodologyA hospital-based cross-sectional, analytical study was done in a tertiary care hospital, Salem, for eight months. Patients of age over 18 years of both sexes who came for screening of total cholesterol in the outpatient department were included in the study. Those patients with a history of previous leg injury involving the Achilles tendon were excluded from the study. A pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data, and analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v20 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The analysts performed the Pearson correlation test to determine the correlation between two continuous variables. A p-value of less than 0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance. ResultsIn this study, there are 40 participants in the normal group and about 60 participants in the secondary hypercholesterolemia group. The mean ATT value among males and females was 9.3 and 6.1 mm, respectively. A positive correlation was noted between the ATT and total cholesterol value (p-value = 0.0001). ConclusionThe thickness and softness of the Achilles tendon are positively correlated with the serum total cholesterol level. Males are the group where this correlation is most significant. As a result, men have a higher risk of developing Achilles tendon thickening than women. The thickness of the Achilles tendon can therefore be one of the early signs of high cholesterol levels. The clinician can utilize this indicator to evaluate early abnormal cardiac illness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achilles Tendon Softness and Thickness in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia

Murugan¹,

Kanakaraju²,

Sidesh³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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The assessment of achilles tendon size in primary hypercholesterolaemia by computed tomography

1982

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Ultrasonography of th Achilles Tendon in Hypercholesterolemia

Kainberger

Seidl²,

Traindl³

et al. 1993

Acta Radiol

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The ultrasonographic (US) appearance of Achilles tendon was examined in 34 patients with hypercholesterolemia (10 with familial (FH), and 24 with secondary hypercholesterolemia (SH)), and in 22 patients with normal tendons. US findings were compared with clinical, laboratory, and radiologic results. In patients with FH, typical xanthomas in the form of hyperechoic tendinal tumors were found in only 15% while various forms of inhomogeneity of tendon structure without xanthoma formation were found in 75%. The high rate of tendon inhomogeneity may be due to the concomitant occurrence of both xanthomas and degeneration of tendon fibers. Physical examination revealed abnormalities in 60% of these patients. At CT of the tendons, abnormalities were found in 65% of the FH patients and in 40%, abnormalities were shown by plain radiography. In SH, the results did not differ significantly from. normal controls. In our opinion US should be used to prove or rule out Achilles tendon abnormalities in patients with FH for prophylaxis and treatment of tendinitis and tendon rupture.

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Determinants of Atherosclerosis Progression and Regression

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Achilles Tendon Softness and Thickness in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia

Achilles Tendon Softness and Thickness in Patients With Hypercholesterolemia

The assessment of achilles tendon size in primary hypercholesterolaemia by computed tomography

Ultrasonography of th Achilles Tendon in Hypercholesterolemia

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