The assessment of achilles tendon size in primary hypercholesterolaemia by computed tomography

Durrington, Paul N.; Adams, Judith E.; Beastall, M.D.

doi:10.1016/0021-9150(82)90235-0

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Previous studies [3,4,8,9,12,15,18,21] have used other techniques to visualize Achilles tendon xanthomas. Yuzawa et al [21] compared ultrasonography with conventional radiography and found a strong correlation; the mean thickness of the Achilles tendons of their patients was higher than that of their controls but it overlapped.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic resonance imaging of Achilles tendon xanthomas in familial hypercholesterolemia

Liem

Leuven²,

Bloem

et al. 1992

Skeletal Radiol.

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The demonstration of tendon xanthomas is helpful in diagnosing heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, but in many patients lipid may accumulate without clinical abnormality being present. We investigated the possibility of detecting the lipid element with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in seven patients with familial hypercholesterolemia and six controls. Although the mean relative signal intensities measured on long TR/TE spin echo sequences of the tendon were significantly higher in patients than in controls, the lack of such elevation does not rule out the presence of such lesions. In vitro measurements indicated that the signal intensity of triglycerides was quenched by cholesterolesters. The anatomic findings of MR imaging were compared with those of ultrasonography (US), showing excellent correlation in measurements between MR images and US [r(S) = 0.95 and 0.97 respectively]. MR imaging and US provide equal information on the anatomy of the Achilles tendon; as an abnormally increased signal intensity within the xanthoma on MRI was found in only a minority of our patients, the value of MRI in the demonstration of Achilles tendon xanthomas is limited when using conventional T1 and T2 spin echo sequences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Imaging techniques like (xero)radiography, computed tomography, and ultrasonography (US) have been used to visualize Achilles tendon xanthomas [3,4,8,9,12,15,18,21]. In this study we compared magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of Achilles tendon xanthomas in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia with images from a control group.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic resonance imaging of Achilles tendon xanthomas in familial hypercholesterolemia

Liem

Leuven²,

Bloem

et al. 1992

Skeletal Radiol.

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“…1). CT has been used in the assessment of Achilles tendon size in primary cholesterolemia to demonstrate inflammatory and posttraumatic changes [6,12,16]. Reviewing the English literature, we found only one case report with CT and MRI findings of Achilles tendon xanthomata in a patient with CTX [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Computed tomography of tendinous xanthomata in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis

Hertzanu

Berginer

1991

Skeletal Radiol.

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Tendinous xanthomata with maximum expression on Achilles tendons are a characteristic feature of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, a rare autosomal recessive lipid storage disease. Twenty patients are under review; three of them, at different stages of the disease, underwent computed tomographic (CT) examination. CT demonstrates with a high degree of accuracy the increased size of the tendon and its heterogeneous structure resulting from cholesterol and cholestanol crystal deposits.

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“…High-resolution real-time sonography provides a detailed analysis of 408 the structure of the Achilles tendon and its surrounding tissue (5,9). US and other imaging methods have been recommended for staging the disease and documenting the response to lipid-lowering treatment (1,3,12,14). Xanthoma formation is reported to be the characteristic sonographic sign of tendon involvement in patients with FH.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Ultrasonography of the Achilles Tendon in Hypercholesterolemia

Kainberger¹,

Seidl²,

Traindl³

et al. 1993

Acta Radiol

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The ultrasonographic (US) appearance of Achilles tendon was examined in 34 patients with hypercholesterolemia (10 with familial (FH), and 24 with secondary hypercholesterolemia (SH)), and in 22 patients with normal tendons. US findings were compared with clinical, laboratory, and radiologic results. In patients with FH, typical xanthomas in the form of hyperechoic tendinal tumors were found in only 15% while various forms of inhomogeneity of tendon structure without xanthoma formation were found in 75%. The high rate of tendon inhomogeneity may be due to the concomitant occurrence of both xanthomas and degeneration of tendon fibers. Physical examination revealed abnormalities in 60% of these patients. At CT of the tendons, abnormalities were found in 65% of the FH patients and in 40%, abnormalities were shown by plain radiography. In SH, the results did not differ significantly from normal controls. In our opinion US should be used to prove or rule out Achilles tendon abnormalities in patients with FH for prophylaxis and treatment of tendinitis and tendon rupture.

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The assessment of achilles tendon size in primary hypercholesterolaemia by computed tomography

Cited by 38 publications

References 12 publications

Magnetic resonance imaging of Achilles tendon xanthomas in familial hypercholesterolemia

Magnetic resonance imaging of Achilles tendon xanthomas in familial hypercholesterolemia

Computed tomography of tendinous xanthomata in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis

Ultrasonography of the Achilles Tendon in Hypercholesterolemia

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