Determinants of aflatoxin exposure in young children from Benin and Togo, West Africa: the critical role of weaning

Gong, Yun; Egal, S; Hounsa, Assomption; Turner, PC; Hall, A. J.; Cardwell, KF; Wild, C.

doi:10.1093/ije/dyg109

Cited by 246 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Based on the facts represented herein, we hereby assume that the sources of AFM 1 exposure could have been either from breast milk for the wholly breastfed children and/or complementary milk products for the partially weaned infants. Interestingly, in earlier studies reported by Polychronaki et al (2008) and Gong et al (2003) with Guinean and Gambian children, significantly higher urinary aflatoxin levels were detected with the fully weaned children compared to the partially breastfed children. This result differs from our present findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…An earlier report by Polychronaki et al (2007) raised the possibility that urinary AFM1 may not only reflect ingested AFM1 originating from breast milk. On the the hand, very sensitive detection systems such as fluorescence detection and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as used in the studies of Polychronaki et al (2008) andGong et al (2003) allowed detection at very low picogram/mL levels and hence possibly led to an increase in the power of their statistical prediction. It is worth noting that despite being a weaker carcinogen, AFM1 is as cytotoxic as AFB1 (Neal et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multimycotoxin analysis in urines to assess infant exposure: A case study in Cameroon

Ediage

Mavungu

Song

et al. 2013

Environment International

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimycotoxin analysis in urines to assess infant exposure: A case study in Cameroon

Ediage

Mavungu

Song

et al. 2013

Environment International

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“…[37][38][39] In West Africa, studies by Gong et al and Egal et al have shown that 90% of children in Benin and Togo were exposed to aflatoxins in maize and groundnuts, which led to a measurable impairment of child growth. 38,[40][41][42] As a result of international trade in staple foods, the health impacts of aflae e toxin can extend far beyond local come e munities.…”

Section: Aflatoxins Agriculture and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The links between agriculture and health: an intersectoral opportunity to improve the health and livelihoods of the poor

Hawkes

Ruel

2006

Bull World Health Organ

109

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Agriculture and health are linked in many ways. First, agriculture is essential for good health: it produces the world's food, fibre and materials for shelter; in many countries it is also an important source of livelihood among the poor. At the same time, agriculture can be linked with poor health, including malnutrition, malaria, foodborne illnesses, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), livestock-related diseases, chronic diseases and occupational ill-health.Health also affects agriculture: people's health status influences the demand for agricultural outputs, and in agricultural communities, poor health reduces work performance, reducing income and productivity and perpetuating a downward spiral into ill-health.This paper presents an overview of the bidirectional links between agriculture and health with a focus on the developing world. It develops a conceptual framework that brings together the various links between agriculture and health into a single broad framework. The framework comprises the core components of the agricultural supply chain (producers, systems and outputs), key health concerns and the mechanisms of common interaction between the agricultural and health components: income, labour, environment and access -all key social determinants of health.These links between agriculture and health present an opportunity for the two sectors to work together to find solutions to each other's problems. Yet the health and agricultural sectors remain poorly coordinated. Leadership from global health and agricultural institutions is needed to build policies and good governance to facilitate integration, while capacity building is needed at all levels to help translate the conceptual links into comprehensive action on the ground. Health and agricultural researchers likewise need to work more closely together to achieve common goals. Voir page 989 le résumé en français. En la página 989 figura un resumen en español.

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“…In the United States alone, aflatoxin contamination costs farmers and the peanut industry millions of dollars in losses each year [1]. Aside from causing high production costs, aflatoxins are a major health issue; they can cause acute hepatoxicity, immunosuppression [2], and stunting in children [3]. It is estimated that 4.5 billion people are chronically exposed to aflatoxins in the developing world [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of small RNA populations in non-transgenic and aflatoxin-reducing-transformed peanut

et al. 2017

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Power, Imana L.; Dang, Phat M.; Sobolev, Victor S.; Orner, Valerie; Powell, Joseph L.; Lamb, Marshall C.; and Arias, Renée S., "Characterization of small RNA populations in non-transgenic andaflatoxin-reducing-transformed peanut" (2017 t r a c tAflatoxin contamination is a major constraint in food production worldwide. In peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), these toxic and carcinogenic aflatoxins are mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus Link and A. parasiticus Speare. The use of RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising method to reduce or prevent the accumulation of aflatoxin in peanut seed. In this study, we performed high-throughput sequencing of small RNA populations in a control line and in two transformed peanut lines that expressed an inverted repeat targeting five genes involved in the aflatoxin-biosynthesis pathway and that showed up to 100% less aflatoxin B 1 than the controls. The objective was to determine the putative involvement of the small RNA populations in aflatoxin reduction. In total, 41 known microRNA (miRNA) families and many novel miRNAs were identified. Among those, 89 known and 10 novel miRNAs were differentially expressed in the transformed lines. We furthermore found two small interfering RNAs derived from the inverted repeat, and 39 sRNAs that mapped without mismatches to the genome of A. flavus and were present only in the transformed lines. This information will increase our understanding of the effectiveness of RNAi and enable the possible improvement of the RNAi technology for the control of aflatoxins.

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Determinants of aflatoxin exposure in young children from Benin and Togo, West Africa: the critical role of weaning

Cited by 246 publications

References 18 publications

Multimycotoxin analysis in urines to assess infant exposure: A case study in Cameroon

Multimycotoxin analysis in urines to assess infant exposure: A case study in Cameroon

The links between agriculture and health: an intersectoral opportunity to improve the health and livelihoods of the poor

Characterization of small RNA populations in non-transgenic and aflatoxin-reducing-transformed peanut

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