Abstract:Este estudo analisa o fenómeno das peregrinações ao Santuário de Fátima sob a ótica da ciência económica. Através de um modelo econométrico procurou estabelecer a relação entre o turismo religioso católico e a realidade económica portuguesa no curto prazo. Recorrendo a um modelo Vectorial Autoregressivo e ao uso de dados anuais de 1994 a 2018, foi detetada endogeneidade no modelo. Foram testadas as relações entre as variáveis económicas (Produto Interno Bruto, taxa de desemprego, população, índice de globaliza… Show more
“…The neutrality, feedback, growth, and conservation hypotheses are usually tested and verified for sets of countries or time-series analyses. Belucio & Fuinhas [49] stated that, in a certain way, electricity consumption can be considered a proxy variable for the general sophistication of a society/economy. The concern to promote economic development allied with gas emissions control passes through great environmental responsibility goals.…”
Natural gas has returned to prominence in the agenda of European countries since the beginning of the invasion of Ukraine by Russia in 2022. However, natural gas is a fossil source with severe environmental implications. This paper aims to verify the impact of natural gas on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for a European panel from 1993 to 2018 for sixteen countries. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model in the form of an unrestricted error correction model was used to identify the short-run impacts, the long-run elasticities, and the speed of adjustment of the model. The results indicate that in the short-run, natural gas has a negligible impact on CO2 emissions when faced with oil consumption (6.7 times less), whereas the consumption of renewables and hydroelectric energy proved to be able to decrease the CO2 emissions both in the short- and long-run. The elasticity of oil consumption is lower than the unit, indicating that efficiency gains have been achieved during the process of the energy transition to clean energy sources. If economies use non-renewable energy, governments must continue to prefer natural gas to oil. Renewables and hydroelectric consumption must be used to revert the path of CO2 emissions. Given the unstable scenario that has been caused by the War in Eastern Europe, politicians should focus on accelerating the transition from fossil to renewable energies.
“…The neutrality, feedback, growth, and conservation hypotheses are usually tested and verified for sets of countries or time-series analyses. Belucio & Fuinhas [49] stated that, in a certain way, electricity consumption can be considered a proxy variable for the general sophistication of a society/economy. The concern to promote economic development allied with gas emissions control passes through great environmental responsibility goals.…”
Natural gas has returned to prominence in the agenda of European countries since the beginning of the invasion of Ukraine by Russia in 2022. However, natural gas is a fossil source with severe environmental implications. This paper aims to verify the impact of natural gas on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for a European panel from 1993 to 2018 for sixteen countries. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model in the form of an unrestricted error correction model was used to identify the short-run impacts, the long-run elasticities, and the speed of adjustment of the model. The results indicate that in the short-run, natural gas has a negligible impact on CO2 emissions when faced with oil consumption (6.7 times less), whereas the consumption of renewables and hydroelectric energy proved to be able to decrease the CO2 emissions both in the short- and long-run. The elasticity of oil consumption is lower than the unit, indicating that efficiency gains have been achieved during the process of the energy transition to clean energy sources. If economies use non-renewable energy, governments must continue to prefer natural gas to oil. Renewables and hydroelectric consumption must be used to revert the path of CO2 emissions. Given the unstable scenario that has been caused by the War in Eastern Europe, politicians should focus on accelerating the transition from fossil to renewable energies.
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