Deterioration of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rocks by Cyclic Drying and Wetting

Zhang, Zhizhen; Niu, Yixin; Shang, Xiaoji; Peng, Ye; Zhou, Rui; Gao, Feng

doi:10.1155/2021/6661107

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…According to several studies on the damage caused by rising damp in the presence of salts [39,40], porous stone materials are particularly damaged, with a reduction in mechanical strength and an increase in porosity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of LiDAR Technology for the Study and Analysis of Construction Phases and Deformations in the Gothic Church of Biar (Spain)

Huesca-Tortosa,

Spairani-Berrio,

Saura-Gómez

2023

Heritage

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This work provides new data on the church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción in Biar, combining the investigation of documentary sources with the analysis of the geometry obtained using LiDAR technology and the study of stone materials. This monument has a Proto-Renaissance façade of great architectural value, as it was the first building in the province of Alicante, in Spain, to use Renaissance decorations at the beginning of the 16th century. Its main façade reflects the four centuries of its construction from the 15th to the 18th centuries. The building has been digitised using LiDAR technology and photogrammetry. The graphic representation of the point cloud obtained from the aforementioned techniques makes it possible to study deformations in colour gradient with respect to a reference plane. The results obtained after the analysis of these data show that the method used in this work has served to detect and corroborate the constructive evolutions of the church obtained from the documentary sources investigated. This work serves as an example for similar works, proposing the incorporation of the analysis of anomalies in the geometry of the facings as a new variable that should be considered to complement the rest of the usual studies, bringing to light deformations and irregularities that at first sight may go unnoticed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of LiDAR Technology for the Study and Analysis of Construction Phases and Deformations in the Gothic Church of Biar (Spain)

Huesca-Tortosa,

Spairani-Berrio,

Saura-Gómez

2023

Heritage

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“…There is the obvious chromatic effect (wetter materials are darker), but physical disruption with consequent erosion has also been ascribed to wetting-drying cycles. Several publications have attempted to relate the evolution of rocks' properties to wetting-drying cycles, and a recent review can be found in Zhang et al [44].…”

Section: Wettingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Water on Natural Stone in the Built Environment—A Review

et al. 2021

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The present work reviews studies with information on the effects of water by itself on stones of the built environment both to assess the impact of this substance and to discuss possible implications for conservation. The analysis concerns empirical results from previous publications dealing with the effects, on several rock types, of freeze–thaw, wetting, erosion by running water and substances resulting from the water–stone interaction. Laboratory studies have shown that water freezing can cause physical damage even in low porosity rocks. As far as we know, this is the first review that considers comparative laboratory studies of freeze–thaw and salt crystallization on the same rock specimens, and these point to lower erosive effects than salt weathering, as freeze–thaw can provoke catastrophic cracking. Wetting has shown strong damaging effects on some fine-grained clastic rocks. Erosive features have been reported for rain exposition and for some fountain settings albeit, in these field studies, it could be difficult to assess the contribution of pollutants transported by water (this assessment could have meaningful implications for stone conservation, especially in fountain settings). Water also interacts with stone constituents, namely sulfides and soluble salts, releasing substances that could impact those stones. Sulfides are a relatively frequent issue for slates and granites, and our observations suggest that for this last rock type, this issue is mostly associated with the presence of enclaves and, hence, avoiding the surface exposition of such enclaves could solve the problem.

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“…Kunyou Zhou et al [17] analyzed experimentally the mechanical behavior of coal samples in saturation with water and demonstrated that with the increase in water saturation, the uniaxial compression strength and the elastic modulus reduced, while Poisson's ratio grew. Zhizhen Zhang et al [18] arrived at a conclusion that with the increased number of wetting-drying cycles, the mechanical properties of rocks (argillite) degraded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in Grain-Size Composition of Lignite under Cyclic Freezing-Thawing and Wetting-Drying

Batugina,

Fedorov

2024

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The paper presents the change in grain-size composition of lignite under cyclic freezing-thawing (FTC) and wetting-drying (WDC). The article shows that in the spring and autumn periods the lignites can be subjected to repeated freezing-thawing and wetting-drying, which determines the possibility of changing their grain-size composition and structure. Experimental studies in laboratory conditions on the influence of cyclic freezing-thawing (FTC) and wettingdrying (WDC) on the quality indicators of lignites have been carried out, their granulometric (fractional) composition has been studied. Freezing-thawing cycle conditions are as follows (FTC): minimum exposure temperature: −20˚C; maximum: +5˚C; relative humidity: 30%; number of processing cycles: 3. Wetting-drying cycles are as follows (WDC): drying temperatures are +20, +40, +60, +80˚C, drying time 90 minutes, the coals are further subjected to rain (soaking) for a period of water saturation to humidity of 30% -40% and dry again. The number of wetting-drying cycles is 3 times. The tests have revealed the destructive effects of FTC and WDC on the samples of lower metamorphic grade coal, and the cycles of wet-dry lead to the much higher yield of fine sizes (−6+0; −13+0 mm) than the cycles of freeze-thaw. Furthermore, it is found that the increase in the yield of fines depends on the heating temperature: coal disintegration proceeds more intensively at a higher temperature of drying.

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Deterioration of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Rocks by Cyclic Drying and Wetting

Cited by 10 publications

References 93 publications

Use of LiDAR Technology for the Study and Analysis of Construction Phases and Deformations in the Gothic Church of Biar (Spain)

Use of LiDAR Technology for the Study and Analysis of Construction Phases and Deformations in the Gothic Church of Biar (Spain)

Effects of Water on Natural Stone in the Built Environment—A Review

Change in Grain-Size Composition of Lignite under Cyclic Freezing-Thawing and Wetting-Drying

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