Deterioration Aspects of the Egyptian Faience Ushabti Statuette of the King Aspelta kept in Atfih Magazine, Egypt

Ibrahim, M. Mohsen; Hassib, Ayat; Omar, Sherif

doi:10.21608/arcs.2022.128604.1021

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Manganite (Mn hydroxide) deposits are famously known from Sinai in the Bogma district, but more minor occurrences are found in the Halaib district in Upper Egypt. All these raw materials were readily available in the ancient commercial trade of Egypt [34].…”

Section: Glazementioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Composition of Egyptian Faience

Falcone,

Aquilino,

Stoppa

2024

Minerals

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Egyptian Faience, a revolutionary innovation in ancient ceramics, was used for crafting various objects, including amulets, vessels, ornaments, and funerary figurines, like shabtis. Despite extensive research, many aspects of ancient shabti production technology, chemistry and mineralogy remain relatively understudied from the 21st to the 22nd Dynasty, belonging to a recovered 19th-century private collection. The fragments’ origin is tentatively identified in the middle Nile valley in the Luxor area. Our study focused on a modest yet compositionally interesting small collection of shabti fragments to provide information on the glaze’s components and shabti’s core. We found that the core is a quartz and K-feldspars silt blended with an organic component made of plastic resins and vegetable fibres soaked with natron. The studied shabti figurines, after being modelled, dried, and covered with coloured glaze, were subjected to a firing process. Sodium metasilicate and sulphate compounds formed upon contact of the glaze with the silica matrix, forming a shell that holds together the fragile inner matrix. The pigments dissolved in the sodic glaze glass, produced by quartz, K-feldspars, and natron frit, are mainly manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) compounds. The ratio Cu2O/CaO > 5 produces a blue colour; if < 5, the glaze is green. In some cases, Mg and As may have been added to produce a darker brown and an intense blue, respectively. Reaction minerals provided information on the high-temperature firing process that rapidly vitrified the glaze. These data index minerals for the firing temperature of a sodic glaze, reaching up to a maximum of 1050 °C.

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Section: Glazementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atacamite (copper chloride) was also detected in all the samples, but number 2. Atacamite (Cu2Cl(OH)3) is an alteration of Cu compounds such as cuprorivaite [32,34]. Regarding the formation of atacamite, let us also consider frits.…”

Section: Glazementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Composition of Egyptian Faience

Falcone,

Aquilino,

Stoppa

2024

Minerals

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Antifungal and consolidation properties of linen textiles treated with silver nanoparticles loaded on hydroxypropyl cellulose polymer

et al. 2023

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Microorganisms are considered one of the most dangerous deterioration factors to cellulosic textiles, especially textiles made of linen fibers. Many of the traditional methods of resistance to microorganisms that infect textiles were used in the past, but they were of low effectiveness and high toxicity for those who applied these methods. The study used silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) prepared by the chemical reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) in the presence of a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer as a stabilizing agent in inhibiting fungal strains Aspergillus flavus, Trichoderma sp. and Penicillium duclauxii that were isolated from the ancient linen piece No. 1345 preserved in the Sohag National Museum. The properties of the silver nanoparticles prepared and loaded on hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel G 1%) polymer were studied by many of examination and analysis methods such as TEM, XRD and FTIR. Evaluating the effectiveness of AgNPs/Klucel G by using well-cut diffusion technique revealed that the best concentration of AgNPs in inhibiting fungal strains is 3%. The results of treating raw and dyed linen textiles using AgNPs/Klucel G also indicated an improvement in the mechanical and chemical properties of the treated textiles. One of the most important results of the study is obtaining raw and dyed linen textiles with resistant properties to isolated fungal strains up to 3 months of treatment. Graphical Abstract

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Deterioration Aspects of the Egyptian Faience Ushabti Statuette of the King Aspelta kept in Atfih Magazine, Egypt

Cited by 2 publications

References 15 publications

Exploring the Composition of Egyptian Faience

Exploring the Composition of Egyptian Faience

Antifungal and consolidation properties of linen textiles treated with silver nanoparticles loaded on hydroxypropyl cellulose polymer

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