Deterioration and Protection of Concrete Elements Embedded in Contaminated Soil: A Review

Ramírez, Ginneth Patricia Millán; Byliński, Hubert; Niedostatkiewicz, Maciej

doi:10.3390/ma14123253

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The degree of soil aggressiveness greatly influences the deterioration of various concrete materials [45]. Hence soil contamination due to fluoride and sulfide is considered a serious threat to the environment and humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Limestone Calcined Clay Concrete (LC3) in Various Aggressive Soil Environments: A Comprehensive Review

2024

E3S Web of Conf.

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Aggressive soil environments are known for causing deterioration in concrete sub-structure and attacking the concrete of the earth structures by chemical contamination of the soil with fluoride, sulfide, and chloride. The degree of deterioration in the soil can vary from rapid dissolution to minor effects. Many construction materials placed underground are exposed to the aggressive action of the soil. Therefore, studying the impact of soil nature on the deterioration of concrete is crucial to maintaining the safety and efficiency of infrastructures. Recent research states that the conception of limestone calcined clay concrete (LC3) is different from ordinary concrete. Therefore some changes in durability and strength might occur. Hence the present study focuses on the strength and durability aspects, which are of prime importance in almost all concrete structures and permeability. This review stated that LC3, due to their dense microstructure, were chemically resistant in terms of compressive strength, surface scaling, and length change in the aggressive soil environment. These promising results escalate LC3 to be suitable for more reliable concrete earth structures. This paper discusses the properties, optimisation method, environmental impacts, strength, and durability of LC3 and ends with suggestions on subjects on which further research is required.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Limestone Calcined Clay Concrete (LC3) in Various Aggressive Soil Environments: A Comprehensive Review

2024

E3S Web of Conf.

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“…At the same time, often after a short period of use of the building, these layers decompose in an aggressive and humid ground environment, ceasing to fulfill their protective role. In addition, the products resulting from the decomposition of these coatings are a source of environmental contamination [ 4 ]. Therefore, it is important to use such a quality of concrete that, with a properly selected thickness of concrete lagging, can provide a sufficiently good protective barrier to delay the penetration of chloride ions, thus ensuring the safe use of the building structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Effect of Protective Properties of Concretes with Similar Composition on the Corrosion Rate of Reinforcing Steel Induced by Chloride Ions

Szweda,

Kuziak,

Sozańska-Jędrasik

et al. 2023

Materials

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This study presents a comparison of the protective properties of three concretes of similar composition on the effect of chloride ions. To determine these properties, the values of the diffusion and migration coefficients of chloride ions in concrete were determined using both standard methods and the thermodynamic ion migration model. We tested a comprehensive method for checking the protective properties of concrete against chlorides. This method can not only be used in various concretes, even those with only small differences in composition, but also in concretes with various types of admixtures and additives, such as PVA fibers. The research was carried out to address the needs of a manufacturer of prefabricated concrete foundations. The aim was to find a cheap and effective method of sealing the concrete produced by the manufacturer in order to carry out projects in coastal areas. Earlier diffusion studies showed good performance when replacing ordinary CEM I cement with metallurgical cement. The corrosion rates of the reinforcing steel in these concretes were also compared using the following electrochemical methods: linear polarization and impedance spectroscopy. The porosities of these concretes, determined using X-ray computed tomography for pore-related characterization, were also compared. Changes in the phase composition of corrosion products occurring in the steel–concrete contact zone were compared using scanning electron microscopy with a micro-area chemical analysis capability, in addition to X-ray microdiffraction, to study the microstructure changes. Concrete with CEM III cement was the most resistant to chloride ingress and therefore provided the longest period of protection against chloride-initiated corrosion. The least resistant was concrete with CEM I, for which, after two 7-day cycles of chloride migration in the electric field, steel corrosion started. The additional use of a sealing admixture can cause a local increase in the volume of pores in the concrete, and at the same time, a local weakening of the concrete structure. Concrete with CEM I was characterized as having the highest porosity at 140.537 pores, whereas concrete with CEM III (characterized by lower porosity) had 123.015 pores. Concrete with sealing admixture, with the same open porosity, had the highest number of pores, at 174.880. According to the findings of this study, and using a computed tomography method, concrete with CEM III showed the most uniform distribution of pores of different volumes, and had the lowest total number of pores.

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“…Coating is a kind of material with protection, decoration and some other special functions. Coating is also one of the most effective and extensive methods to protect cement and concrete structures [1]. Due to long-term exposure, the appearance will suffer various corrosion, such as ultraviolet radiation, mechanical wear, chloride ion, acid, alkali and salt erosion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene's effect and mechanism on the properties of alkali-activated slag coating

Wang

Liu

Hua

et al. 2023

Mater. Res. Express

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Alkali-activated coating materials have the problem of easy cracking. Alkali-activated materials are brittle and prone to shrinkage. When used as a coating, cracks appear on the surface. It will peel off from the substrate material and the adhesion will be reduced. In order to improve the crack resistance and adhesion of alkali-activated materials as repair and protective coatings, the effect of graphene on the properties of coatings was investigated. In this paper, a coating was prepared with blast furnace slag as the main raw material and sodium silicate water glass as the activator. By adding graphene dispersion to improve the microstructure and macroscopic properties of the coating. In the experiment, 0.2 %, 0.4 %, 0.6 %and 0.8 % graphene dispersions were added to the alkali-activated slag coating, and compared with the blank sample. The drying time, apparent properties and bonding strength of the coatings with different thicknesses were measured. It was found that the graphene dispersion could improve the crack resistance of the coating. The bonding strength of the coating at 7d and 28d was also improved. When 0.8 % was added, the maximum bonding strength was 1.577 MPa. Combined with XRD, FTIR and SEM, it was found that graphene dispersion may promote the formation of zeolite phase in alkali-activated slag coating and reduce the porosity at the interface between coating and substrate. This promotes chemical bonding at the interface. The experimental results show that the graphene dispersion is beneficial to improve the cracking of the coating and enhance the bond strength with cement mortar.

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Deterioration and Protection of Concrete Elements Embedded in Contaminated Soil: A Review

Cited by 12 publications

References 61 publications

Impact of Limestone Calcined Clay Concrete (LC3) in Various Aggressive Soil Environments: A Comprehensive Review

Impact of Limestone Calcined Clay Concrete (LC3) in Various Aggressive Soil Environments: A Comprehensive Review

Analysis of the Effect of Protective Properties of Concretes with Similar Composition on the Corrosion Rate of Reinforcing Steel Induced by Chloride Ions

Graphene's effect and mechanism on the properties of alkali-activated slag coating

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