Detergent assisted stress cracking in low density polyethylene

Chang, Peng-Hsiang; Donovan, James

doi:10.1002/pen.760302204

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…From the intersection of the air and environment branches, critical interaction times * and critical crack growth rates ̇ * were evaluated. These parameters, previously observed in (Chang and Donovan, 1990;Ward et al, 1991;Ayyer, Hiltner and Baer, 2008;Andena et al, 2013;Kamaludin et al, 2017), reveal if a given environment will influence the fracture behaviour of a polymer. As a matter of fact, Environmental Stress Cracking will occur under conditions of or corresponding to fracture times that are longer than * and propagation rates lower than ̇ * .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

A comparison between $K$ and $G$ approaches for a viscoelastic material: the case of environmental stress cracking of HDPE

Contino

Andena

Valle

et al. 2019

Mech Time-Depend Mater

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According to Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics the stress intensity factor and the energy release rate are two fracture parameters linked by the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the considered material. This concept has been extended to the analysis of linear viscoelastic materials, by introducing time-dependent quantities; it is also used for nonlinear viscoelastic polymers, even if its accuracy in this case is still an open question. In this work the Slow Crack Growth and the Environmental Stress Cracking resistance of two highdensity polyethylene grades were investigated, differing for their molecular weight distribution and fracture resistance. The description of the fracture behaviour of the two materials provided by the stress intensity factor or the energy release rate turned out to be equivalent, despite the nonlinear mechanical behaviour exhibited by the two polymers. Moreover, a time-dependent effective modulus, related to the two fracture parameters, was evaluated: its value was in good agreement with the modulus experimentally determined from tensile tests. A constant relevant effective strain was found despite the different testing conditions (i.e. applied mechanical loading, temperature and presence of an active environment), its value being equal for the two considered polyethylenes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 56%

A comparison between $K$ and $G$ approaches for a viscoelastic material: the case of environmental stress cracking of HDPE

Contino

Andena

Valle

et al. 2019

Mech Time-Depend Mater

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“…The SCR behavior is practically the same in water and air incubation environments. The acceleration effect of the 10% Igepal on the SCR is expected and well documented (4,5). On the other hand, the similarity of the SCR in water and air environments is different than the results obtained from compression molded plaques of a HDPE corrugated pipe (6).…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Stress Crack Resistance of Corrugated High-Density Polyethylene Pipes in Different Test Environments and Temperatures

Hsuan

Zhang

2005

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Corrugated high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe 36 in. (900 mm) in diameter was evaluated for its stress crack resistance with the notched constant ligament stress test (ASTM F 2136). Test specimens were taken directly from the pipe liner to include the processing effects. In addition to the standard test condition of 10% Igepal solution at 50°C, tests were performed in water and air at temperatures of 60°, 70°, and 80°C. The test data were analyzed with the ISO 9080 method to define the transition point and ductile-to-brittle curve. The results indicate that the 10% Igepal solution greatly accelerates the stress cracking process, whereas the stress cracking behavior in water and in air is aggressive and practically the same. Activation energies in both ductile and brittle portions of the curve are in general agreement with the literature for HDPE resins. The results indicate that the rate processing method is an accurate model with which to extrapolate data from elevated test temperatures to lower service temperatures. However, Popelar's shift method tends to overestimate the failure times.

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“…On the other hand, when the rate of permeation is slow compared with crack growth rate, region B tends to dominate. I t has been pointed out that in some cases, the crack propagation behavior of polymers by ESC can be understood by the linear fracture mechanics (15,16) using the parameters such as stress intensity factor or strain energy release rate. Although the authors attempted to apply fracture mechanics to crack propagation behavior found in this study, it was not successful because of the fact that in some cases different crack propagation and crack arrest mechanisms appeared alternately at the crack tip, which was not clearly related to the stress intensity factor at the crack tip.…”

Section: Dependence Of Crack Propagation Behavior On Temperature and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental stress cracking (ESC) of plastics caused by non‐ionic surfactants

Kawaguchi¹,

Nishimura²,

Kasahara³

et al. 2003

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The susceptibility of various plastics to environmental stress cracking (ESC) was studied using a variety of agents in common use. It was found that styrenic polymers are susceptible to ESC by many kinds of agents, including detergents, that have non-ionic surfactants as their components. The ESC of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer caused by non-ionic surfactants was studied intensively, and the dependence of crack propagation behavior on temperature and on the kind of non-ionic surfactants was investigated by edge crack tension (ECT) tests. The morphology at the crack tip of ECT specimens was investigated by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was found that crack propagation behavior was closely related to the morphology at the crack tip and the morphology was affected by temperature and type of surfactants. The change in morphology at different experimental conditions was attributable to the difference in the solubility and diffusivity of surfactants at the crack tips. -420 POLYMER

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Detergent assisted stress cracking in low density polyethylene

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

A comparison between $K$ and $G$ approaches for a viscoelastic material: the case of environmental stress cracking of HDPE

A comparison between $K$ and $G$ approaches for a viscoelastic material: the case of environmental stress cracking of HDPE

Stress Crack Resistance of Corrugated High-Density Polyethylene Pipes in Different Test Environments and Temperatures

Environmental stress cracking (ESC) of plastics caused by non‐ionic surfactants

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