Detection of West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis virus using real-time PCR with a probe common to both viruses

Shirato, Kunio; Miyoshi, Hirotsugu; Kariwa, Hiroaki; Takashima, Ikuo

doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.02.001

Cited by 52 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…All Ae. aegypti females that were used in human-tomosquito DENV transmission experiments were from laboratory-reared F 2 or F 3 generations derived from F 1 parental females that tested negative for DENV, JEV, and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) by virus-specific RT-PCR and for other potential flaviviruses by pan-flavivirus RT-PCR (31,(35)(36)(37).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Asymptomatic humans transmit dengue virus to mosquitoes

Duong

Lambrechts

Rácz

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

401

367

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Three-quarters of the estimated 390 million dengue virus (DENV) infections each year are clinically inapparent. People with inapparent dengue virus infections are generally considered dead-end hosts for transmission because they do not reach sufficiently high viremia levels to infect mosquitoes. Here, we show that, despite their lower average level of viremia, asymptomatic people can be infectious to mosquitoes. Moreover, at a given level of viremia, DENV-infected people with no detectable symptoms or before the onset of symptoms are significantly more infectious to mosquitoes than people with symptomatic infections. Because DENV viremic people without clinical symptoms may be exposed to more mosquitoes through their undisrupted daily routines than sick people and represent the bulk of DENV infections, our data indicate that they have the potential to contribute significantly more to virus transmission to mosquitoes than previously recognized.mosquito experimental infection | Cambodia | Aedes aegypti | human-to-mosquito transmission | dengue W ith 3.97 billion people living in 128 countries currently at risk for infection, dengue viruses (DENV-1 to -4) cause more human morbidity and mortality worldwide than any other arthropod-borne virus (1, 2). Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the primary vectors of DENV throughout the tropics (3). Dengue prevention relies on the control of Ae. aegypti populations, which is failing in most parts of the world due to lack of resources, lack of political will, and/or ineffective implementation (4).Virus transmission from infected humans to mosquitoes is a critical step in dengue epidemiology, but due to logistical constraints it has been directly examined only in a handful of studies to date (5). In initial experimental infections of human volunteers during the 1920s (6, 7), the onset of clinical symptoms occurred 4-9 d after virus inoculation by mosquito bite (8). DENV-infected humans were infectious to mosquitoes from 2 d before to 2 d after the onset of symptoms, and Ae. aegypti fed on viremic people were able to transmit virus to another person after at least 11 d of extrinsic incubation (8). Results from later studies indicated that, for naturally infected people with clinically apparent dengue, the duration of detectable viremia was on average 4-5 d after the onset of symptoms, but could range from 2 to 12 d (9, 10). Investigators in Vietnam fed Ae. aegypti directly on 208 symptomatic, hospitalized dengue patients and reported that the probability of successful human-to-mosquito DENV transmission was coincident with the kinetics of viremia (11). Dengue patients were infectious up to 5 d after the onset of symptoms, which generally corresponded with "defervescence" (11).All previous studies on human-to-mosquito DENV transmission were limited to people with overt illness and did not consider subclinical infections. An estimated 300 million of the total 390 million DENV infections per year are clinically inapparent or mildly symptomatic, i.e., no illness that disrupted a person's ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All F 1 mosquitoes were sorted by sex in a Petri dish placed on ice, pooled into vials of 10 mosquitoes (male and female) per vial, and homogenized. Extracted RNA was tested for DENV, JEV, CHIKV, and other flaviviruses (31,(35)(36)(37).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic humans transmit dengue virus to mosquitoes

Duong

Lambrechts

Rácz

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

401

367

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The RT-PCR was performed using a one-step RT 591 base pairs. The RT-PCR positive specimens will be confirmed for JEV by using specific method, SYBR I-based real-time RT-PCR with primer JE-multi-forward 5′-AGA ACG GAA GAY AAC CAT GAC TAA-3′ and JE-multi-reverse 5′-CCG CGT TTC AGC ATA TTG AT-3′ as described by Shirato et al [7] .…”

Section: Viral Ribonucleic Extraction and Reverse Transcription Polymmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal abundance and potential of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes at the nesting colony of ardeid birds, Thailand

Changbunjong

Weluwanarak

Taowan

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine

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“…11,12 The presence of WN virus RNA was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (TaqMan method). 13 The RNA was extracted from the kidneys (50 mg) of all 152 birds using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen ) according to the manufacturer's instructions. First-strand complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized using Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus (M-MLV ) reverse transcriptase (Takara Bio Inc., Shiga, Japan) and a random primer (Invitrogen).…”

Section: Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus in Wild Birds in Far Eastern Russia Using a Focus Reduction Neutralization Test

Murata

Hashiguchi²,

Yoshii³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. West Nile (WN) virus has been spreading geographically to non-endemic areas in various parts of the world. However, little is known about the extent of WN virus infection in Russia. Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus, which is closely related to WN virus, is prevalent throughout East Asia. We evaluated the effectiveness of a focus reduction neutralization test in young chicks inoculated with JE and WN viruses, and conducted a survey of WN infection among wild birds in Far Eastern Russia. Following single virus infection, only neutralizing antibodies specific to the homologous virus were detected in chicks. The neutralization test was then applied to serum samples from 145 wild birds for WN and JE virus. Twenty-one samples were positive for neutralizing antibodies to WN. These results suggest that WN virus is prevalent among wild birds in the Far Eastern region of Russia.

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Detection of West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis virus using real-time PCR with a probe common to both viruses

Cited by 52 publications

References 21 publications

Asymptomatic humans transmit dengue virus to mosquitoes

Asymptomatic humans transmit dengue virus to mosquitoes

Seasonal abundance and potential of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes at the nesting colony of ardeid birds, Thailand

Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus in Wild Birds in Far Eastern Russia Using a Focus Reduction Neutralization Test

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