Detection of Volatile Compounds Correlated to Human Diseases Through Breath Analysis With Chemical Sensors

Featuring of bacterial contamination of wounds by dynamic response of SnO2 gas sensor array

“…Based on the understanding of principles of the EN functioning it was commonly accepted that the application of the EN technology for direct detection of the infectious agents is doubtful. In spite of this it was demonstrated in various experiments [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] that an infection can be correctly recognized by an EN. These promising results are explained by well-known fact that bacteria and fungi produce airborne contamination in the form of conidia (spores), volatile organic compounds and mycotoxins.…”

“…Artificial olfaction system (Electronic Nose, EN) was recently suggested as a promising technology for medical diagnosis/prognosis and even continuous monitoring of the patient condition [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The EN systems are based on gas sensitive structures that are not selective to particular gas and, in general, any of such sensors responds to various gases.…”

A study of volatile organic compounds evolved from the decaying human body

“…Over the last decade interest has increased regarding the identification of VOCs for medical [1,2], toxicological [3,4] and environmental applications [5]. Forensic science uses headspace analysis for volatile substances in blood and organ specimen (i.e.…”

Breath Analysis: Analytical Methodologies and Clinical Applications

“…As a few applicative examples, a semiconducting-oxidebased chemiresistive microsensor [104] and a sensor system based on the Kelvin probe techniques with a Cu-phthalocyanine dye as the gas sensitive layer [105] for the measurement of NO/NO 2 in human breath, and a multisensory microsystem for the simultaneous measurement of peak expiratory flow, temperature, relative humidity, and pressure [106], have been proposed for the diagnosis of pulmonary disease and asthma. An eight-quartz microbalance-based sensor [105], a semiconducting oxidebased sensor [107] and a light addressable potentiometric sensor [108] were used to estimate the acetone concentration, a marker for diabetes, in breath samples. A quartz crystal microbalance modified with specific oligopeptides [109] was used to distinguish the breath of healthy volunteers from the breath of uremic patients, both before and after dialysis.…”