Detection of unexploded ordnance by PGNAA based borehole-logging

Kettler, John; Mauerhofer, Eric; Steinbusch, Marco

doi:10.1007/s10967-012-2215-y

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Scintillator development for TNA gamma-emission detection was found to increase mediumto-large antitank-landmine detection to a depth of 30 cm and horizontal displacement of 30 cm, and enable detection of moderate-to-large ammonium nitrate-based IEDs (improvised explosive devices) in culverts [20]. Further experiments on IEDs and UXO (unexploded ordinance) suggest the gammaemission count time depends on a combination of the soil moisture, cladding thickness of the explosive containment, and, to a lesser extent, the explosive composition [21]. Recent work by Batyaev measured and calculated gammaemission receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves on explosives (TNT, Tetryl, NG, and RDX) and benign materials, and revealed that it was possible to estimate ROC curves [22].…”

Section: Neutron Activation and Gamma Emissionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Advances in explosives analysis—part II: photon and neutron methods

et al. 2015

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The number and capability of explosives detection and analysis methods have increased dramatically since publication of the Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry special issue devoted to Explosives Analysis [Moore DS, Goodpaster JV, Anal Bioanal Chem 395:245-246, 2009]. Here we review and critically evaluate the latest (the past five years) important advances in explosives detection, with details of the improvements over previous methods, and suggest possible avenues towards further advances in, e.g., stand-off distance, detection limit, selectivity, and penetration through camouflage or packaging. The review consists of two parts. Part I discussed methods based on animals, chemicals (including colorimetry, molecularly imprinted polymers, electrochemistry, and immunochemistry), ions (both ion-mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry), and mechanical devices. This part, Part II, will review methods based on photons, from very energetic photons including X-rays and gamma rays down to the terahertz range, and neutrons.

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Section: Neutron Activation and Gamma Emissionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Advances in explosives analysis—part II: photon and neutron methods

et al. 2015

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“…Nuclear waste: national strategies The United States, having invested much time and money in the Yucca Mountain site 233 as a possible long term solution to the nuclear waste problem is now engaged 234,235 in rethinking its strategy and although the Federal Government of Germany has decided to cease nuclear power production 236 by 2022, the problem of nuclear waste will remain [237][238][239] for countless generations (as well as the question, where then, will the power come from?). Groundwater movement in and around the Gorleben salt dome site will need to be monitored 240 and management competence maintained.…”

Section: Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiochemistry

Urch

2013

Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. A: Inorg. Chem.

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In this year's review of recent progress in radiochemistry, new radiochemical methods for isotope production, advances in labelling procedures, radioactive isotopes in the environment and miscellaneous topics of radiochemical interest, will be covered but not radiation chemistry, neutron activation analysis and the chemistry of elements that happen to be radioactive. HighlightsThe incorporation of radioisotopes into, sometimes onto, nanoparticles, is becoming increasingly important in nuclear medicine, for therapy and also in diagnosis (ref. 108, 109, 148, 149, 153 and 261-264). Another important piece of work was the use of density functional theory to predict the properties and behaviour of a labelled molecule (ref. 130). General introductionIt is with great sadness that the death of Michael J. Welch in May of 2012 must be recorded. He it was who brought radiochemistry to the medical world, who demonstrated, to a sceptical audience, the potential that radioactive molecules had, when combined with tomography, for diagnosis and tumour location. For forty years he ceaselessly developed nuclear medicine, extending its range to more and more positron emitting isotopes and developing new chemical ways of incorporating them into increasingly complex bio-molecules, 'radiopharmaceuticals'.No new books on radiochemistry in 2012, but a review 1 of the discovery of artificial radioactivity and the report 2 of a conference on the synthesis and applications of labelled compounds have been published. Other conferences have been more focused on specific aspects of the preparation and uses of radioactive compounds, for medical diagnosis and therapy, 3 for autoradiography 4 and to study drug metabolism. 5 A history of the use of radio-iodine has published 6 and the design of bifunctional chelating molecules, 7,8 which can both encapsulate a radioactive atom and join benignly (one hopes so) to a protein or other bio-molecule, reviewed.

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